Accumulation conditions and main controlling factors of Triassic Chang 1+2 low-permeability sandstone reservoirs in the Mahuangshan-Buziwan Area, Ordos Basin

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.04.008

Abstract

Abstract: Low-permeability sandstone reservoirs in the Triassic Chang 1+2 oil reservoirs are widely developed in the Mahuangshan-Buziwan area in the central and western Ordos Basin, with great potential for hydrocarbon exploration. However, the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and main controlling factors remain unclear. To address this, an analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and the main controlling factors of oil reservoir enrichment was conducted based on core samples, cast thin sections, and logging data. The results show that The oil source for the Chang 1+2 reservoirs in the study area is the Chang 7 deep-lacustrine mud-shale. Hydrocarbons migrate through faults and multi-phase superimposed sand bodies. Unconformities, low-amplitude nose structures, dominant facies belts, and lithological properties are the key factors controlling the enrichment of the Chang 1+2 reservoirs. Under the blocking effect of unconformities and low-amplitude nose structures, the reservoirs continue to migrate towards the southeast, with the richest hydrocarbons in areas with dominant facies belt and lithological properties. The reservoirs have the characteristics of "unconformity blocking, sandbody-fault guidance, nose-controlled reservoirs, and lithological control of enrichment". The research provides a theoretical basis for predicting low-permeability reservoirs in the area.

Key words: Ordos Basin, Yanchang Formation, unconformity, accumulation factors, reservoir distribution

CLC Number:

TE122.1

ZHANG Liang, QI Yuan, SUN Yuxi, HE Yiping. Accumulation conditions and main controlling factors of Triassic Chang 1+2 low-permeability sandstone reservoirs in the Mahuangshan-Buziwan Area, Ordos Basin[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2025, 32(4): 68-76.

References

[1] 朱如凯,邹才能,吴松涛,等.中国陆相致密油形成机理与富集规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2019,40(6):1168-1184.
ZHU Rukai,ZOU Caineng,WU Songtao,et al.Mechanism for generation and accumulation of continental tight oil in China[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2019,40(6):1168-1184.
[2] 时保宏,秦馨雨,张才利,等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组6段油藏差异成藏因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2021,42(5):1112-1123.
SHI Baohong,QIN Xinyu,ZHANG Caili,et al.Insights on factors causing differential enrichment of Chang 6 Member in Jiyuan Area,Ordos Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2021,42(5):1112-1123.
[3] 王卓,赵靖舟,孟选刚,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东南部柴上塬区三叠系延长组长6致密油成藏主控因素及富集规律[J].石油实验地质,2022,44(2):251-261.
WANG Zhuo,ZHAO Jingzhou,MENG Xuangang,et al.Key controlling factors and enrichment mechanisms of tight reservoirs in 6th Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation,Chaishangyuan Area,southeastern Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2022,44(2):251-261.
[4] 刘志涛,张晓磊,田亚铭,等.鄂尔多斯盆地马岭—乔川地区长6油层组油藏分布特征及控制因素[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2024,51(3):379-391.
LIU Zhitao,ZHANG Xiaolei,TIAN Yaming,et al.Distribution of oil reservoirs and factors controlling them in Chang 6 oil layer in Maling-Qiaochuan Area of Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition),2024,51(3):379-391.
[5] 姜龙燕,钱门辉,何发岐,等.鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区三叠系延长组长7页岩油特征及其主控因素[J].石油实验地质,2024,46(5):941-953.
JIANG Longyan,QIAN Menhui,HE Faqi,et al.Characteristics and main controlling factors of Chang 7 shale oil in Triassic Yanchang Formation, Fuxian Area, Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2024,46(5):941-953.
[6] 宋海强,刘慧卿,王敬,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长7段页岩油气富集主控因素[J].新疆石油地质,2024,45(1):27-34.
SONG Haiqiang,LIU Huiqing,WANG Jing,et al.Main controlling factors of shale oil and gas enrichment in Chang 7 Member, southeastern Ordos Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2024,45(1):27-34.
[7] 李明瑞,侯云超,谢先奎,等.鄂尔多斯盆地平凉—演武地区三叠系延长组油气成藏模式及勘探前景[J].石油学报,2023,44(3):433-446.
LI Mingrui,HOU Yunchao,XIE Xiankui,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation mode and exploration prospect of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Pingliang-Yanwu Area,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2023,44(3):433-446.
[8] 何登发,包洪平,开百泽,等.鄂尔多斯盆地及其邻区关键构造变革期次及其特征[J].石油学报,2021,42(10):1255-1269.
HE Dengfa,BAO Hongping,KAI Baize,et al.Critical tectonic modification periods and its geologic features of Ordos Basin and adjacent area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2021,42(10):1255-1269.
[9] 杨华,付金华,欧阳征健,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘晚三叠世构造—沉积环境分析[J].沉积学报,2011,29(3):427-439.
YANG Hua,FU Jinhua,OUYANG Zhengjian,et al.Analysis of tectonic-sedimentory setting in Middle and Upper Triassic in the west margin of the Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(3):427-439.
[10] 郭艳琴,惠磊,张秀能,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组沉积体系特征及湖盆演化[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2018,48(4):593-602.
GUO Yanqin,HUI Lei,ZHANG Xiuneng,et al.Sedimentary system characteristics and lake basin evolution of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),2018,48(4):593-602.
[11] 马海勇,韩天佑,周磊,等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区前侏罗纪古地貌沉积特征研究[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2021,51(5):891-900.
MA Haiyong,HAN Tianyou,ZHOU Lei,et al.Study on sedimentary characteristics of pre-Jurassic paleogeomorphology in Jiyuan Area,Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),2021,51(5):891-900.
[12] 郭艳琴,李文厚,郭彬程,等.鄂尔多斯盆地沉积体系与古地理演化[J].古地理学报,2019,21(2):293-320.
GUO Yanqin,LI Wenhou,GUO Bincheng,et al.Sedimentary systems and palaeogeography evolution of Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2019,21(2):293-320.
[13] 杨华,刘自亮,朱筱敏,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘上三叠统延长组物源与沉积体系特征[J].地学前缘,2013,20(2):10-18.
YANG Hua,LIU Ziliang,ZHU Xiaomin,et al.Provenance and depositional systems of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southwestern Ordos Basin,China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(2):10-18.
[14] 杨华,窦伟坦,刘显阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7沉积相分析[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):254-263.
YANG Hua,DOU Weitan,LIU Xianyang,et al.Analysis on sedimentary facies of Member 7 in Yanchang Formation of Triassic in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(2):254-263.
[15] 肖正录,李勇,朱志勇,等.源储接触关系及其对近源致密油富集的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长8₁油藏为例[J].石油实验地质,2022,44(5):825-834.
XIAO Zhenglu,LI Yong,ZHU Zhiyong,et al.Influence of source-reservoir contact conditions on the enrichment of near-source tight oil:taking Chang 8₁ Reservoir in the Longdong Area of Ordos Basin as an example[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2022,44(5):825-834.
[16] 张文正,杨华,李善鹏.鄂尔多斯盆地长9₁湖相优质烃源岩成藏意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(5):557-562,568.
ZHANG Wenzheng,YANG Hua,LI Shanpeng.Hydrocarbon accumulation significance of Chang 9₁ high-quality lacustrine source rocks of Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(5):557-562,568.
[17] 刘广林,王亚玲,马爽,等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组长6油藏成藏条件和充注模式[J].沉积学报,2019,37(6):1152-1161.
LIU Guanglin,WANG Yaling,MA Shuang,et al.Reservoir forming conditions and filling models for Chang 6 oil reservoir of the Yanchang Formation in Jiyuan Area,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2019,37(6):1152-1161.
[18] 邱祥亮,孙虎,张冕,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西南部侏罗系延安组油藏成藏条件及主控因素[J].油气地质与采收率,2024,31(6):1-12.
QIU Xiangliang, SUN Hu, ZHANG Mian,et al.Formation conditions and main controlling factors of reservoirs in Jurassic Yan′an Formation in southwestern Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2024,31(6):1-12.
[19] 杨占龙,陈启林.岩性圈闭与陆相盆地岩性油气藏勘探[J].天然气地球科学,2006,(5):616-621.
YANG Zhanlong, CHEN Qilin.Lithologic traps and lithologic reservoirs exploration in continental basins[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,(5):616-621.
[20] ZHENG C, MA D M, CHEN Y,et al.Biogenic methane accumulation and production in the Jurassic Low-Rank Coal, southwestern Ordos Basin[J].Energies,2022,15(9):3255.
[21] HAI L F, MU C X, XU Q H,et al.The sequence stratigraphic division and depositional environment of the Jurassic Yan′an Formation in the Pengyang Area, southwestern margin of the Ordos Basin, China[J].Energies,2022,15(14):5310.
[22] 李相博,王宏波,黄军平,等.鄂尔多斯盆地怀远运动不整合面特征及油气勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2021,42(5):1043-1055.
LI Xiangbo,WANG Hongbo,HUANG Junping, et al.Characteristics of unconformity resulted from Huaiyuan Movement in Ordos Basin and its significance for oil and gas exploration[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2021,42(5):1043-1055.
[23] 陈欢庆,朱筱敏,张功成,等.海相断陷盆地输导体系分类及组合模式特征:以琼东南盆地古近系陵水组为例[J].地学前缘,2021,28(1):282-294.
CHEN Huanqing,ZHU Xiaomin,ZHANG Gongcheng,et al.Classification and combination model characteristics of pathway system in marine faulted basin:taking the Paleogene Lingshui Formation, Qiongdongnan Basin as an example[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2021,28(1):282-294.
[24] 熊加贝,何登发.鄂尔多斯盆地加里东期不整合面类型及分布特征[J].古地理学报,2022,24(5):970-988.
XIONG Jiabei,HE Dengfa.Types and distribution characteristics of the Caledonian unconformities in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2022,24(5):970-988.
[25] CHEN J Y, ZHANG H W, CHANG H L,et al.Research on main controlling factors of tight sandstone gas accumulation in coal-bearing strata in the southern north China Basin:comparison with the Ordos Basin[J].Frontiers in Earth Science,2022,10(1):1037658.
[26] 刘晓娟,林艳波,范正平.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长2油层组成岩作用研究[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2011,41(5):857-862.
LIU Xiaojuan,LIN Yanbo,FAN Zhengping.The diagenesis of Chang 2 Formation in Jiyuan Area,Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),2011,41(5):857-862.
[27] 操应长,远光辉,王艳忠,等.典型含油气盆地深层富长石碎屑岩储层长石溶蚀接力成孔认识及其油气地质意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,2022,52(9):1694-1725.
CAO Yingchang,YUAN Guanghui,WANG Yanzhong,et al.Recognition of K-feldspar dissolution and secondary porosity formation in deep clastic reservoirs of typical oil and gas basins and its geological significance for oil and gas[J].Science in China:Journal of Earth Science,2022,52(9):1694-1725.
[28] LU H, YUE D L, JONES J S, et al.Lithofacies assemblage and effects on diagenesis in lacustrine tight sandstone reservoirs:samples from Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2024,167:107001.
[29] 杨尚锋,鲍志东,沈延伟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区侏罗系延安组古河道砂岩储集层成岩演化及主要胶结物来源[J].古地理学报,2023,25(4):906-919.
YANG Shangfeng, BAO Zhidong, SHEN Yanwei,et al.Diagenetic evolution and sources of main cements within palaeochannel sandstone reservoirs of the Jurassic Yan′an Formation in Jiyuan Area, Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2023,25(4):906-919.