To explore the impact of buried pipe design parameters on thermal storage, a numerical simulation model for W-type buried pipe cross-seasonal thermal storage systems was developed, and the effects of inlet temperature, velocity, well spacing, and burial depth on thermal storage performance were analyzed. The study shows that the underground temperature field changes most significantly along the radial direction during cross-seasonal thermal storage. A velocity of 0.6 m/s is optimal for the circulating fluid in the buried pipe as it balances thermal storage efficiency and energy consumption. Increasing the inlet fluid temperature of the system widens the temperature fluctuation range within the pipe but also increases heat loss. Under a hexagonal tube cluster layout, the optimal well spacing increases with the depth of the buried pipe. The research findings provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of cross-seasonal thermal storage systems of buried pipes.
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