玛湖凹陷三叠系百口泉组地层再认识与勘探潜力分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2024.02.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为进一步探索玛中平台区近4 000.0 km²勘探空白区的勘探潜力,扩大玛湖凹陷百口泉组勘探潜力,实现玛湖凹陷整体突破,综合利用地质、钻井、高精度地震等资料,对玛湖凹陷百口泉组地层划分进行了细化,将玛中平台区低位域砂体划分为百口泉组零段(百零段)。在此基础上,结合区域沉积、构造背景,从烃源岩条件、疏导体系、沉积体系和成藏条件等方面对玛中平台区低位域百零段油气成藏条件及控制因素展开了综合分析。研究表明:二叠系风城组烃源岩具有碱湖双峰式生油特征,油气资源基础大,百零段更近源,更容易捕获深层油气;玛中平台区印支期走滑断裂直插深层烃源岩,搭接形成了高效的输导体系;百口泉组顶底板条件优越,百零段在大型地层超覆背景下叠置发育多期湖侵退积砂体,形成规模有效的储盖组合;百零段发育四大规模扇体,其扇三角洲平原亚相致密带、扇间泥岩、构造等值线相互配置,形成复合式多面遮挡,为扇三角洲前缘大面积成藏奠定了基础。类比研究认为,中拐扇前缘亚相上倾、侧向遮挡条件好,具有宏观整体成藏基础。该区前缘亚相有利勘探面积大,岩性目标叠置发育,落实程度高,是目前寻求百零段新层系突破的重点勘探目标。百零段的突破有望打开玛中平台区勘探局面,进而实现玛湖凹陷百口泉组整体突破。

关键词: 扇控大面积成藏, 低位域, 勘探潜力分析, 百口泉组, 玛中平台区, 玛湖凹陷

Abstract: In order to further explore the exploration potential of the nearly 4 000.0 km² exploration blank area in central platform of Mahu Sag, expand the exploration potential of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu Sag, and realize the breakthrough of Mahu Sag as a whole, the stratigraphic delineation of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu Sag has been refined by the comprehensive use of geological data, drilling data, and high-density seismic data. The sand bodies of the lowstand system tract in central platformof Mahu Sag have been defined as Baikouquan Formation 0 Member (T₁b₀). On this basis, combined with the regional sedimentary and tectonic backgrounds, the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and controlling factors of the lowstand system tract T₁b₀ in Mazhong plateau area were analyzed in terms of the hydrocarbon source rock conditions, migration system, and depositional system. The study shows that the hydrocarbon source rocks of the Permian Fengcheng Formation have the bimodal characteristics of oil generation in an alkali lake conditions, the hydrocarbon potential is large, and T₁b₀ is closer to the source and more accessible to capture the deep oil and gas. The strike-slip faults in central platform of Mahu Sag directly inserted into the deep hydrocarbon source rocks during the Indo-Chinese epoch and formed an efficient migration system; the top and bottom plates of T₁b₀ have superior conditions, and T₁b₀ is superimposed on a large stratigraphical superposed background and develops multiphase lake invasion and retreating sand bodies, which form a large scale and effective reservoir-caprock association. T₁b₀ develops four large-scale fan bodies, and the tight zones, mudstones between fans, and tectonics of the fan delta plain subfacies are configured with each other to form a composite multi-faceted barrier, which lays the foundation for the large-scale formation of reservoirs in the front edge of the fan delta. The analogous study concluded that the subfacies of the leading edge of the central abduction fan has good upward-dipping and lateral barrier conditions and has a macro-integrated basis for the formation of reservoirs. The lithological target is superimposed and developed with a high degree of implementation, and it is the key exploration target for seeking breakthrough of the new stratigraphic system in T₁b₀ at present. The breakthrough of T₁b₀ is expected to open up the exploration situation in central platform of Mahu Sag, thus realizing the overall breakthrough of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu Sag.

Key words: fan-controlled large-scale accumulation, lowstand system tract, exploration potential analysis, Baikouquan Formation, central platform of Mahu Sag, Mahu Sag

中图分类号:

TE122.1

钟厚财, 朱俊梅, 林煜, 邓勇, 刘作强, 黄友华, 张珊, 屈琳. 玛湖凹陷三叠系百口泉组地层再认识与勘探潜力分析[J]. 特种油气藏, 2024, 31(2): 28-36.

Zhong Houcai, Zhu Junmei, Lin Yu, Deng Yong, Liu Zuoqiang, Huang Youhua, Zhang Shan, Qu Lin. Recognition and Exploration Potential Analysis of Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mahu Sag[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2024, 31(2): 28-36.

参考文献

[1] 贾承造,魏国齐,李本亮,等.中国中西部两期前陆盆地的形成及其控气作用[J].石油学报,2003,24(2):13-17.
JIA Chengzao,WEI Guoqi,LI Benliang,et al.Tectonic evolution of two-epoch foreland basins and its control for natural gas accumulation in China′s mid-western areas[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(2):13-17.
[2] 雷德文,陈刚强,刘海磊,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷大油(气)区形成条件与勘探方向研究[J].地质学报,2017,91(7):1604-1619.
LEI Dewen,CHEN Gangqiang,LIU Hailei,et al.Study on the forming conditions and exploration fields of the Mahu giant oil (gas) province,Junggar Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(7):1604-1619.
[3] 陈静, 陈军, 李卉,等. 准噶尔盆地玛中地区二叠系—三叠系叠合成藏特征及主控因素[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(1): 71-80.
CHEN Jing,CHEN Jun,LI Hui,et al.Characteristics and main controlling factors of Permian-Triassic superimposed reservoirs in central Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2021,33(1): 71-80.
[4] 白雨, 汪飞, 牛志杰,等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组烃源岩生烃动力学特征[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2022, 34(4): 116-127.
BAI Yu,WANG Fei,NIU Zhijie,et al.Hydrocarbon generation kinetics of source rocks of Permian Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2022,34(4):116-127.
[5] 支东明,唐勇,郑孟林,等. 玛湖凹陷源上砾岩大油区形成分布与勘探实践[J].新疆石油地质,2018,39(1):1-8.
ZHI Dongming,TANG Yong,ZHENG Menglin,et al.Discovery, distribution and exploration practice of large oil provinces of above-source conglomerate in Mahu Sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2018,39(1):1-8.
[6] 雷德文,阿布力米提·依明,唐勇,等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷百口泉组油气高产区控制因素与分布预测[J]. 新疆石油地质,2014,35(5):495-499.
LEI Dewen,ABULIMITI Yiming,TANG Yong,et al.Controlling factors and occurrence prediction of high oil-Gas production zones in Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation of Mahu Sag in Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(5):495-499.
[7] 王惠民,吴华,靳涛,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘油气富集规律[J].新疆地质,2005,23(3):278-282.
WANG Huimin,WU Hua,JIN Tao,et al.Rule of hydrocarbons accumulation in the northwest edge of Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,2005,23(3):278-282.
[8] 何登发,贾承造.冲断构造与油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):55-62.
HE Dengfa,JIA Chengzao.Thrust tectonics and hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(2):55-62.
[9] 张顺存,黄治赳,鲁新川,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系砂砾岩储层主控因素[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(1):20-30.
ZHANG Shuncun,HUANG Zhijiu,LU Xinchuan,et al.Main controlling factors of Permian sandy conglomerate reservoir in the northwestern Junggar Basin[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2015,51(1):20-30.
[10] 况晏,司马立强,瞿建华,等.致密砂砾岩储层孔隙结构影响因素及定量评价——以玛湖凹陷玛131井区三叠系百口泉组为例[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(4):91-100.
KUANG Yan,SIMA Liqiang,QU Jianhua,et al.Influencing factors and quantitative evaluation for pore structure of tight glutenite reservoir: a case of the Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Ma 131 Well Field, Mahu Sag[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(4):91-100.
[11] 陶金雨,张昌民,郭旭光,等.磨圆度定量表征在扇三角洲沉积微相判别中的应用:以玛湖凹陷百口泉组砾岩为例[J].沉积学报,2020,38(5):957-965.
TAO Jinyu,ZHANG Changmin,GUO Xuguang,et al.Application of quantitative roundness characterization to identify sedimentary microfacies in fan delta deposits: a case study of conglomerates in the Baikouquan Formation, Mahu Sag[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2020,38(5):957-965.
[12] 谭开俊,王国栋,罗惠芬,等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖斜坡区三叠系百口泉组储层特征及控制因素[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2014, 26(6): 83-88.
TAN Kaijun,WANG Guodong,LUO Huifen,et al.Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of the Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mahu Slope Area, Junggar Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(6): 83-88.
[13] 马永平,黄林军,滕团余,等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷斜坡区三叠系百口泉组高精度层序地层研究[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2015, 26(增刊1): 33-40.
MA Yongping,HUANG Linjun,TENG Tuanyu,et al.Study on the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy of Triassic Baikouquan Formation in the slope zone of Mahu Depression in the Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2015, 26(S1): 33-40.
[14] 钱海涛,尤新才,魏云,等.玛东地区百口泉组地层新认识及油气勘探意义[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2020,42(2):27-36.
QIAN Haitao,YOU Xincai,WEI Yun,et al.The new understanding and exploration significance in Triassic Baikouquan Formation of eastern Mahu Sag[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition),2020,42(2):27-36.
[15] 支东明.玛湖凹陷百口泉组准连续型高效油藏的发现与成藏机制[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(4):373-382.
ZHI Dongming.Discovery and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of quasi-continuous high-efficiency reservoirs of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(4):373-382.
[16] 吕正祥, 廖哲渊, 李岳峰,等. 玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组碱湖云质岩储层成岩作用[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2022, 34(5): 26-37.
LYU Zhengxiang, LIAO Zheyuan, LI Yuefeng,et al.Diagenesis of alkaline lacustrine dolomitic reservoirs of Permian Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2022,34(5): 26-37.
[17] 匡立春,唐勇,雷德文,等. 准噶尔盆地二叠系咸化湖相云质岩致密油形成条件与勘探潜力[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):657-667.
KUANG Lichun, TANG Yong, LEI Dewen,et al.Formation conditions and exploration potential of tight oil in the Permian saline lacustrine dolomitic rock, Junggar Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):657-667.
[18] 王绪龙,康素芳.准噶尔盆地腹部及西北缘斜坡区原油成因分析[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(2):108-112.
WANG Xulong, KANG Sufang.Analysis of crude origin in hinterland and slope of northwestern margin,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1999,20(2):108-112.
[19] CAO J,ZHANG Y J,HU W X,et al.The Permian hybrid petroleum system in the northwest margin of the Junggar Basin,northwest China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22(3):331-349.
[20] 陈程,彭梦芸,赵婷,等. 玛湖凹陷北、西斜坡区百口泉组储集层对比及勘探启示[J]. 新疆石油地质,2022,43(1):18-25.
CHEN Cheng, PENG Mengyun, ZHAO Ting,et al. Reservoir comparison and exploration enlightenment of Baikouquan formation in northern and western slopes of Mahu Sag[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2022,43(1):18-25.
[21] 王林生,艾建华,伍顺伟,等.基于扩展弹性阻抗反演的致密砂砾岩储层定量预测技术——以玛湖凹陷达13井区为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2022,29(3):36-44.
WANG Linsheng,AI Jianhua,WU Shunwei,et al.Quantitative prediction technology for tight glutenite reservoirs based on EEI inversion:a case of Well Da 13 Area in Mahu Sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2022,29(3):36-44.
[22] 陈永波,潘建国,张寒,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷斜坡区断裂演化特征及对三叠系百口泉组成藏意义[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(增刊1):11-24.
CHEN Yongbo,PAN Jianguo, ZHANG Han,et al.Characteristics of fault evolution in Mahu Slope Area of Junggar Basin and its implications to the reservoir in the Triassic Baikouquan Formation[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(S1):11-24.
[23] 余兴, 尤新才, 白雨,等.玛湖凹陷南斜坡断裂识别及其对油气成藏的控制作用[J].岩性油气藏,2021,33(1): 81-89.
YU Xing,YOU Xincai,BAI Yu,et al.Identification of faults in the south slope of Mahu Sag and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Lithologic Reservoirs, 2021, 33(1): 81-89.
[24] 徐怀民,徐朝晖,李震华,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘走滑断层特征及油气地质意义[J].高校地质学报,2008,14(2):217-222.
XU Huaimin,XU Zhaohui,LI Zhenhua,et al.Characteristics of strike-slip faults in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin and their geological significance for petroleum[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2008,14(2):217-222.