基于微地震离散裂缝与自动历史拟合的数值模拟

屈雪峰; 谢启超; 兰正凯; 赵国玺

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2021.03.009

特种油气藏 >

2021 , Vol. 28 >Issue 3: 62 - 68

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2021.03.009

油藏工程

基于微地震离散裂缝与自动历史拟合的数值模拟

屈雪峰 ,
谢启超 ,
兰正凯 ,
赵国玺

展开

1.中国石油长庆油田分公司,陕西西安 710018;
2.低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程重点实验室,陕西西安 710018;
3.中国地质大学(武汉),湖北武汉 430000;
4.南京特雷西能源科技有限公司,江苏南京 210000

屈雪峰(1972—),女,教授级高级工程师,1994年毕业于江汉石油学院开发地质专业,2005年毕业于西北大学矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业,获硕士学位,现从事油气田开发研究工作。

收稿日期: 2020-06-04

修回日期: 2021-03-08

网络出版日期: 2022-02-16

基金资助

国家科技重大专项“鄂尔多斯盆地致密油开发示范工程”(2017ZX05069);中国石油重大科技专项“长庆油田5000万吨持续高效稳产关键技术研究与应用”(2016E-05)

收起

Numerical Simulation Based on Microseismic Discrete Fractures and Automatic History Matching

Qu Xuefeng ,
Xie Qichao ,
Lan Zhengkai ,
Zhao Guoxi

Expand

1. PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, China;
2. National Engineering Laboratory of Low-permeability Oil ＆ Gas Exploration and Development, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, China;
3. China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China;
4. Nanjing Tracy Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China

Received date: 2020-06-04

Revised date: 2021-03-08

Online published: 2022-02-16

Fold

摘要

针对复杂缝网精细刻画、表征复杂,数值模拟历史拟合繁琐、不确定性强,导致非常规储层实现精准数值模拟难度大的问题,采用微地震复杂缝网反演、离散裂缝方法缝网精细刻画、集合卡曼滤波方法(EnKF)自动拟合技术3种手段形成的综合数值模拟技术,对复杂缝网条件下的非常规储层实现精准数值模拟。结果表明:文中提出的复杂缝网反演方法与直接解释所得到的结果相差较小,误差为2%~6%,但文中方法可以直观反映地下人工压裂裂缝分布与延伸状况;建立的基于人工压裂缝网的非结构化网络,可精细表征裂缝的流动;基于EnKF的自动化历史拟合技术可以减小人为拟合误差,提高拟合效率。现场实际应用表明,研究区28口单井日产油拟合产量与实际产量的平均吻合率高达91%,实现油气藏复杂渗流场的精确模拟。该研究可为非常规复杂缝网储层产量预测提供借鉴。

关键词： 数值模拟; 微地震; 缝网; 离散裂缝; 大型水力压裂; 自动历史拟合

本文引用格式

屈雪峰 , 谢启超 , 兰正凯 , 赵国玺 . 基于微地震离散裂缝与自动历史拟合的数值模拟[J]. 特种油气藏, 2021 , 28(3) : 62 -68 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2021.03.009

Abstract

In view of the detailed description of complex fracture network, complex characterization, cumbersome history matching of numerical simulation, and strong uncertainty, which make it difficult to achieve accurate numerical simulation of unconventional reservoirs, a comprehensive numerical simulation technology was developed by three means: microseismic complex seam network inversion, detailed description of discrete fracture network and ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to realize accurate numerical simulation of unconventional reservoirs under complex fracture network conditions. The results showed that the difference between the results respectively obtained by the complex fracture network inversion method in the paper and the direct interpretation was small, with an error of 2% to 6%, but the method presented in this paper could directly reflect the distribution and propagation of underground artificial fractures; the unstructured network based on artificial fracture network could be used to characterize the flow in fractures in detail; the automatic history matching technology based on EnKF could reduce artificial matching errors and improve matching efficiency. Field tests show that the average matching rate between the matched daily oil production and the actual production of 28 single wells in the study area was as high as 91%, realizing accurate simulation of the complex seepage field in oil and gas reservoirs. This study can provide a reference for the production prediction of complex fracture network of unconventional reservoir.

Key words： numerical simulation; microseismic; fracture network; discrete fracture; large-scale hydraulic fracturing; automatic history matching

参考文献

[1] 贾承造,郑民,张永峰.中国非常规油气资源与勘探开发前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):129-136.
JIA Chengzao,ZHENG Min,ZHANG Yongfeng.Unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China and the prospect of exploration and development[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(2):129-136.
[2] 张涛,李相方,杨立峰,等.关井时机对页岩气井返排率和产能的影响[J].天然气工业,2017,37(8):48-60.
ZHANG Tao,LI Xiangfang,YANG Lifeng,et al.Effects of shut-in timing on flowback rate and productivity of shale gas wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(8):48-60.
[3] 张涛,李相方,王香增,等.低渗致密复杂叠置储层组合立体井网高效动用方法——以延安气田为例[J].石油学报,2018,39(11):1279-1291.
ZHANG Tao,LI Xiangfang,WANG Xiangzeng,et al.Efficient mobilization method of stereoscopic well pattern in low-permeability complex superimposed tight reservoir:a case study of Yan'an Gasfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(11):1279-1291.
[4] 徐中一,方思冬,张彬,等.页岩气体积压裂水平井试井解释新模型[J].油气地质与采收率,2020,27(3):120-128.
XU Zhongyi,FANG Sidong,ZHANG Bin,et al.A new well test model for horizontal wells by stimulated reservoir volume in shale gas reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2020,27(3):120-128.
[5] 姜瑞忠,刘秀伟,崔永正,等.非稳态窜流多段压裂水平井井底压力分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2019,26(5):86-95.
JIANG Ruizhong,LIU Xiuwei,CUI Yongzheng,et al.Bottomhole pressure analysis of multistage fractured horizontal well during unsteady crossflow[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2019,26(5):86-95.
[6] 王妍妍,刘华,王卫红,等.基于返排产水数据的页岩气井压裂效果评价方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2019,26(4):125-131.
WANG Yanyan,LIU Hua,WANG Weihong,et al.Evaluation of shale gas well fracturing performance based on flowback water production data[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2019,26(4):125-131.
[7] 张路锋,周福建,张士诚,等.基于压力脉冲法的储层基质压裂液伤害评价[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(3):84-89,111.
ZHANG Lufeng,ZHOU Fujian,ZHANG Shicheng,et al.Experimental study on reservoir matrix damage caused by fracturing fluids based on transient pressure pulse method[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(3):84-89,111.
[8] 李玉梅,思娜,吕炜,等.基于离散元数值法的页岩压裂复杂网络裂缝研究[J].钻采工艺,2019,42(1):46-49.
LI Yumei,Si Na,LYU Wei,et al.Study on complex network fractures of shale fracturing based on discrete element method[J].Drilling & Production Technology,2019,42(1):46-49.
[9] 刘尧文,廖如刚,张远,等.涪陵页岩气田井地联合微地震监测气藏实例及认识[J].天然气工业,2016,36(10):56-62.
LIU Yaowen,LIAO Rugang,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Application of surface-downhole combined microseismic monitoring technology in the Fuling shale gas field and its enlightenment[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(10):56-62.
[10] 李亚龙,刘先贵,胡志明,等.页岩储层压裂缝网模拟研究进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2019,54(2):480-492.
LI Yalong,LIU Xiangui,HU Zhiming,et al.Research progress on fracture network simulation in shale reservoirs[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2019,54(2):480-492.
[11] 赵超峰,张伟,田建涛,等.微地震事件解释实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018, 53(4):770-777.
ZHAO Chaofeng,ZHANG Wei,TIAN Jiantao,et al.Examples of interpretation of microseismic events[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2018,53(4):770-777.
[12] WARRENJ E,ROOT P J.The behaviour of naturally fractured reservoirs[J].SPE Journal,1963,3(3):245-255.
[13] KAZEMI H,MERRILL L S,PORTERFIELD K L,et al.Numerical simulation of water-oil flow in naturally fractured reservoirs[J].SPE Journal,1976,16(6):317-326.
[14] DYKHUIZEN R C.A new coupling term for dual-porosity models[J].Water Resources Research,1990,26(2):351-356.
[15] 高大鹏,刘天宇,王天娇,等.非常规井数值模拟技术研究进展与发展趋势[J].应用数学和力学,2015,36(12):1238-1256.
GAO Dapeng,LIU Tianyu,WANG Tianjiao,et al.Research progress and development trend of numerical simulation technology for unconventional wells[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2015,36(12):1238-1256.
[16] SARDA S,JEANNIN L,BASQUET R,et al.Hydraulic characterization of fractured reservoirs: simulation on discrete fracture models[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering,2002,5(2):154-162.
[17] KARIMI-FARD M,DURLOFSKY L J,AZIZ K.An efficient discrete fracture model applicable for general-purpose reservoir simulators[J].SPE Journal,2004,9(2):227-236.
[18] LONG J C S,GILMOUR P,Witherspoon P A.A model for steady fluid-flow in random three-dimensional networks of disc-shaped fractures[J].Water Resources Research,2008,21(8):1105-1115.
[19] NAEVDAL G,MANNSETH T,VEFRING E H.Near-well reservoir monitoring through ensemble Kalman filter[C].SPE75235,2002:1-9.
[20] LI G,ZARARI M,REYNOLDS A C.Iterative forms of the ensemble Kalman filter[J].IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,2011,56(8):1990-1995.
[21] HAUGEN V,NAEVDAL G,NARVIK L,et al.History matching using the ensemble Kalman filter on a North Sea field case[C].SPE102430,2006:382-391.
[22] EVENSEN G,HOVE J,MEISINGSET H,et al.Using the EnKF for assisted history matching of a north sea reservoir model[C].SPE106184,2007:1-13.
[23] SKJERVHEIM J A,EBENSEN G,AANONSEN I,et al.Incorporating 4d seismic data in reservoir simulation models using ensemble Kalman filter[C].SPE95789,2005:282-292.
[24] 薛亮,吴雨娟,刘倩君,等.裂缝性油气藏数值模拟与自动历史拟合研究进展[J].石油科学通报,2019,4(4):335-346.
XUE Liang,WU Yujuan,LIU Qianjun,et al.Advances in numerical simulation and automatic history matching of fractured reservoirs[J].Petroleum Science Bulletin,2019,4(4):335-346.
[25] 徐维胜,龚彬,何川,等.基于离散裂缝网络模型的储层裂缝建模[J].东北石油大学学报,2011,35(3):13-16.
XU Weisheng,GONG Bin,HE Chuan,et al.Modeling of reservoir fractures based on discrete fracture network[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2011,35(3):13-16.
[26] GONG Bin,ZHANG Yongbin,FAN Yaqing,et al.A novel approach to model enhanced coalbed methane recovery with discrete fracture characterizations in a geochemical simulator[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2014,124:198-208.
[27] ZHANG Y,GONG B,Li J,et al.Discrete fracture modeling of 3D heterogeneous enhanced coalbed methane recovery with prismatic meshing[J].Energies,2015,8(6):6153-6176.

Options

文章导航

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献