针对塔里木油田白垩系巴什基奇克组超深裂缝性碎屑岩储层天然裂缝激活方法不明确的问题,根据摩尔-库伦破坏准则,对研究区储层天然裂缝发生剪切激活和张性激活条件进行分析,模拟测试了水力压裂和酸化压裂中的裂缝导流能力。研究结果显示:水力压裂中存在相互错动的裂缝导流能力是无错动裂缝的100~1 000倍,无错动裂缝加砂后导流能力超过1 000倍,缝网压裂过程中天然裂缝剪切滑移也会实现增产改造效果,加砂对无错动裂缝改造效果具有重要影响;在加砂条件下,裂缝是否存在错动对导流能力无本质影响。缝网酸化压裂中充填性天然裂缝在较低闭合应力下(小于20 MPa)酸岩反应时间对导流能力影响不大,在较高闭合应力下,酸岩反应时间越长,充填物溶蚀量越大,导流能力保持程度越高;充填性天然裂缝可以通过酸蚀获得有效导流能力,而非充填性天然裂缝不能通过酸蚀获得有效导流能力。研究成果为库车山前超深储层缝网改造提供了技术支持。
In view of the lack of specific method of activating natural fractures in the ultra-deep fractured clastic reservoir in Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Tarim Oilfield, the natural fractures of the reservoir in the study area was analyzed for conditions of realizing shear-based activation and tension-based activation according to the Moore-Coulomb failure criterion, and the fracture conductivity in hydraulic fracturing and acid fracturing was simulated and tested. The results of the study show that the conductivity of fractures with mutual dislocation in hydraulic fracturing was 100 to 1 000 times that of fractures without mutual dislocation, the conductivity of fractures without mutual dislocation was increased by more than 1 000 times after sand addition and the shear slip of natural fractures in fracture network fracturing could also achieve stimulation effects, so sand addition had an important influence on the stimulation effect of fractures without mutual dislocation; moreover,if sand was added, whether fracture with mutual dislocation had no essential effect on the conductivity. In fracture network acid fracturing, the filled natural fractures were under a lower closure stress (less than 20 MPa), the acid-rock reaction time had little effect on the conductivity; under higher closure stress, the longer the acid-rock reaction time, the greater the dissolution degree of fillings and the higher the retention degree of conductivity. Effective conductivity could be obtained by filled natural fractures through acid erosion, but did not obtained by non-filled natural fractures through acid erosion. The study results provide technical support for the stimulation of fracture networks in the ultra-deep reservoir in the Kuqa Piedmont.
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