针对蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱的低渗透区超稠油流动阻力大、开采困难等问题,提出低渗透区超稠油原位催化改质降黏技术。采用反应釜法和物模实验法,筛选高效原位改质催化剂,研究催化剂的注入方式,并筛选5种催化剂及其改质条件。研究表明:以有机锌为催化剂,催化剂用量为0.1%、稠油含水率为50%时,超稠油具有较好的改质降黏效果;物模实验法原位催化改质降黏效果优于反应釜法,稠油含水率为50%、催化剂用量为0.1%、反应温度为240 ℃、填砂管回压为8~10 MPa和反应时间为24 h条件下,稠油黏度由145 000 mPa·s降至54 260 mPa·s,降黏率达62.58%;物模实验法改质油的密度和酸值下降,重组分(胶质和沥青质)含量减少10.85%,300、500 ℃前馏分分别提高了6.75%、17.29%。在240 ℃、10 MPa条件下,采用自制生物质基调剖剂封堵优势渗流通道,将催化剂注入低渗填砂管后水驱,改质稠油黏度降至68 450 mPa·s,降黏率达52.79%,流动阻力减少19.74%,采出率达到95.22%,稠油综合采出率由46.94%增至85.13%。该方法为超稠油蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱低渗透区域的稠油进行原位催化改质降黏提高采收率提供了借鉴。
In order to solve the problems of high flow resistance and difficulties in production of super-heavy oil in low-permeability area during steam stimulation and steam flooding, in-situ catalytic reforming and viscosity reduction technology for super-heavy oil in low-permeability area was proposed. Reactor method and physical model experiment method were used to select high-efficiency in-situ reforming catalysts, and the catalyst injection method was studied. Five types of catalysts and their reforming conditions were selected. The study showed that: when organozinc was used as catalyst, the amount of catalyst was 0.1%, the water content of heavy oil was 50%, the super-heavy oil showed a better performance in reforming and viscosity reduction; the effect of physical model experiment method on in-situ catalytic reforming and viscosity reduction was better than that of reactor method; under conditions that the water content of heavy oil was 50%, the amount of catalyst was 0.1%, the reaction temperature was 240 ℃, the back pressure of sand filling pipe was 8 to 10 MPa and the reaction time was 24 h, the viscosity of heavy oil was decreased to 54 260 mPa·s from 145 000 mPa·s, and the viscosity reduction rate was 62.58%; the density and acid value of the heavy oil reformed by physical model experiment were decreased, the content of heavy components (colloid and asphaltene) was decreased by 10.85 %, and the fractions before 300 ℃ and 500 ℃ were increased by 6.75% and 17.29%, respectively. At 240℃ and 10 MPa, the self-made biomass-based profile control agent was used to block the dominant seepage channel, and the catalyst was injected into the low-permeability sand-packed pipe and then water flooded. The viscosity of the reformed heavy oil was reduced to 68 450 mPa·s, the viscosity reduction rate was 52.79%, the process flow resistance was reduced by 19.74%, the recovery rate reached 95.22%, and the comprehensive recovery rate of heavy oil was increased from 46.94% to 85.13%. The method provides references for in-situ catalytic reforming and viscosity reduction of heavy oil in low-permeability areas to enhance the oil recovery in the process of steam stimulation and steam flooding of super-heavy oil.
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