南大西洋两岸被动陆缘盆地地质特征及其对勘探的影响

张懿; 郑求根; 胡琴; 陈雯霖; 何山

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2023.05.001

特种油气藏 >

2023 , Vol. 30 >Issue 5: 1 - 10

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2023.05.001

综述

南大西洋两岸被动陆缘盆地地质特征及其对勘探的影响

张懿 ,
郑求根 ,
胡琴 ,
陈雯霖 ,
何山

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中国地质大学(北京),北京 100083

张懿(1992—),男,工程师,2016年毕业于中国地质大学(武汉)资源勘查专业,现为中国地质大学(北京)海洋科学专业在读硕士研究生,主要从事油气地质研究工作。

收稿日期: 2022-12-18

修回日期: 2023-07-05

网络出版日期: 2023-12-25

基金资助

中国石油前瞻性基础性项目“海外重点含油气盆地评价与勘探关键技术研究”(2021DJ31)

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Geologic Characteristics of Passive Continental Margin Basin on Both Sides of the South Atlantic Ocean and Its Impact on Exploration

Zhang Yi ,
Zheng Qiugen ,
Hu Qin ,
Chen Wenlin ,
He Shan

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China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Received date: 2022-12-18

Revised date: 2023-07-05

Online published: 2023-12-25

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摘要

南大西洋两岸发育近20个被动陆缘盆地,虽然已在深水区获得多个油气重大发现,但对于被动陆缘盆地地质特征认识不清,导致深水区勘探程度依然很低,待发现油气资源量巨大。为此,在综合分析大量资料及案例的基础上,充分结合近年的研究成果及认识,系统地总结了南大西洋两岸中段及南段被动陆缘盆地的关键地质特征,并深入分析地质特征对油气勘探的影响。研究表明:南大西洋两岸盆地群在整个裂陷期广泛发育3种成因类型、3个活动期次的火成岩;南段火山型被动陆缘盆地广泛发育厚度较大、向海倾斜反射楔形体;中段盐岩发育型盆地群盐岩平面分布与厚度变化规律在两岸既有相似性又有差异性,且可能出现盐下砂岩储层盐胶结现象;加蓬盆地、桑托斯盆地、坎波斯盆地、下刚果盆地均发育脏盐;西非中段宽扎盆地因旋回性蒸发模式使其成为南大西洋两岸唯一一个盐岩—硬石膏—碳酸盐岩互层沉积盆地,盐间较薄碳酸盐岩层既是烃源岩又是储层。上述地质特征对盐下地震成像、盐下储层与烃源岩及盐间碳酸盐岩预测带来较大影响,增加了地震勘探的多解性。该研究可为被动陆缘盆地未来技术攻关方向的精准定位提供依据。

关键词： 被动大陆边缘; 地质特征; 火成岩; 脏盐; 南大西洋

本文引用格式

张懿 , 郑求根 , 胡琴 , 陈雯霖 , 何山 . 南大西洋两岸被动陆缘盆地地质特征及其对勘探的影响[J]. 特种油气藏, 2023 , 30(5) : 1 -10 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2023.05.001

Abstract

Nearly 20 passive continental margin basins developed on both sides of the South Atlantic Ocean, and a number of major oil and gas discoveries obtained in deep-water areas, however, a lack of understanding of the geological characteristics of the passive continental margin basins resulted in the low level of exploration in deep-water areas, and the amount of oil and gas resources to be discovered was enormous. For this reason, on the basis of comprehensive analysis of a large amount of data and cases, and fully combining the study results and understanding in recent years, the key geological characteristics of the passive continental margin basins in the middle and southern part of both sides of the South Atlantic Ocean were systematically summarized, and the impact of the geological features on the exploration of oil and gas was deeply analyzed. The study shows that igneous rocks of 3 orogenic types and 3 active phases are widely developed throughout the rifting period in the basin complex on both sides of the South Atlantic Ocean; in the southern section, the thick, seaward-tilted reflective wedges are widely developed in the volcanic passive continental margin basin; in the middle section, the salt rock planar distribution and thickness change rule of the salt rock development type basin complex has both similarity and difference between the two banks, and the salt cementation of the subsalt sandstone reservoir may occur; dirty salts are developed in the Gabon Basin, Santos Basin, Campos Basin, and Lower Congo Basin; the Kwanza Basin in the middle section of West Africa has become the only saltstone-hard gypsum-carbonate interbedded sedimentary basin on both sides of the South Atlantic Ocean due to the cyclonic evaporation pattern, and the thinner inter-salt carbonate layer is both a hydrocarbon source rock and a reservoir. The above geologic characteristics have a great impact on the prediction of the subsalt seismic imaging, subsalt reservoirs, hydrocarbon source rocs and inter-salt carbonate rocks, and increase the multiplicity of solutions for seismic exploration. This study provide a basis for the precise positioning of the future technical attack direction of the passive continental margin basin.

Key words： passive continental margin basin; geological characteristics; igneous rock; dirty salt; South Atlantic Ocean

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