针对稠油注汽系统高耗能、高碳排放的问题,开展适用于稠油注汽的电热熔盐储能注汽技术研究,以实现稠油绿色开发。利用Abaqus软件模拟方法和系统综合热效率评价方法对系统工况进行优化设计,并开展现场试验。研究表明:电热熔盐储能注汽技术通过消纳绿电/谷电替代燃烧化石能源生产稠油注汽用湿饱和蒸汽的技术可行;蒸汽预热系统的蒸汽流量随蒸汽压力变化波动范围小,有利于系统稳定运行,是电热熔盐储能注汽系统的优选预热工艺;电热熔盐储能注汽系统负荷率为60%～100%时,系统综合热效率为92.61%～94.34%,且系统综合热效率随系统运行负荷的增加而提升;系统综合热效率的试验值平均数比理论计算值平均数低0.44个百分点,偏差小;与现有燃气注汽锅炉相比,试验站年产蒸汽4.8×104 t,替代天然气313×104 m3,CO2减排6 768 t。该技术可为稠油注汽系统实现绿色转型发展提供技术支撑和实践指导,系统综合热效率评价方法可用于指导工程设计。
To address the problems of high energy consumption and high carbon emissions in heavy oil steam injection systems, research on electric thermal molten salt energy storage steam injection technology suitable for heavy oil steam injection was carried out to achieve green development of heavy oil. Using Abaqus software simulation methods and system comprehensive thermal efficiency evaluation methods, the system operating conditions were optimized and designed, and field tests were conducted. The study shows that the technology of using electric thermal molten salt energy storage steam injection, which utilizes green electricity/off-peak electricity to replace fossil fuel combustion for producing wet saturated steam for heavy oil steam injection, is technically feasible; the steam flow rate of the steam preheating system fluctuates within a small range with changes in steam pressure, which is conducive to stable system operation and is the preferred preheating process for electric thermal molten salt energy storage steam injection systems; when the load rate of the electric thermal molten salt energy storage steam injection system is 60%~100%, the system comprehensive thermal efficiency is 92.61%~94.34%, and it increases with increasing system operating load; the average experimental value of system comprehensive thermal efficiency is 0.44 percentage points lower than the average theoretical calculation value, indicating a small deviation; compared with existing gas-fired steam injection boilers, the test station produces 4.8×104 t annually, replacing 313×104 m3/a of natural gas, and reducing CO2 emissions by 6 768 t/a. The research on this technology can provide technical support and practical guidance for the green transformation of heavy oil steam injection systems, and the system comprehensive thermal efficiency evaluation method can be used to guide engineering design.
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