基于块体离散元法的压裂裂缝扩展模拟研究现状和展望

杨兆中; 付东瑞; 陶静; 易良平; 李小刚; 易多; 何建冈

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.05.001

特种油气藏 >

2025 , Vol. 32 >Issue 5: 1 - 9

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.05.001

综述

基于块体离散元法的压裂裂缝扩展模拟研究现状和展望

杨兆中 ,
付东瑞 ,
陶静 ,
易良平 ,
李小刚 ,
易多 ,
何建冈

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1.西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室,四川成都 610500;
2.中国石油长庆油田分公司,内蒙古乌审旗 017300;
3.西南石油大学,四川成都 610500;
4.中国石油塔里木油田分公司,新疆库尔勒 841000

杨兆中(1969—),男,教授,博士生导师,1990年毕业于西南石油学院石油工程专业,1996年毕业于该校油气田开发工程专业,获博士学位,现从事非常规油气增产理论与技术、采油气理论与技术方面的教学与研究工作。

收稿日期: 2024-08-29

修回日期: 2025-08-05

网络出版日期: 2025-10-30

基金资助

国家自然科学基金青年项目“非均质深层海相页岩原地环境下超临界二氧化碳压裂多尺度造缝机理研究”(42202314)

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Current status and prospects of fracture propagation simulation research based on the block discrete element method

YANG Zhaozhong ,
FU Dongrui ,
TAO Jing ,
YI Liangping ,
LI Xiaogang ,
YI Duo ,
HE Jian′gang

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1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China;
2. PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Uxin Banner, Inner Mongolia 017300, China;
3. Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China;
4. PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, China

Received date: 2024-08-29

Revised date: 2025-08-05

Online published: 2025-10-30

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摘要

块体离散元法因其在处理非连续介质方面的优势而逐渐成为一种被广泛研究和应用的压裂裂缝扩展模拟方法,为进一步推动块体离散元法在压裂裂缝扩展模拟方面的发展,总结了基于块体离散元法的压裂裂缝扩展模拟研究和应用现状,讨论了当前所面临的问题和挑战,并指明了下一步研究方向。研究表明:块体离散元法能够直接刻画非连续结构面的位置、产状和数量,并且根据其在地层中的不同状况选择不同本构方程,赋予相应参数,压裂裂缝扩展模拟结果更符合实际情况;在进行压裂裂缝扩展模拟时,需要预置初始压裂裂缝和裂缝面,且压裂裂缝只能按照预置的裂缝面进行扩展,在一定程度上影响了压裂裂缝模拟的准确性;下一步在处理天然裂缝问题上应着重开发新的天然裂缝模型,在处理层理问题上应着重采用能表征其他储层特征的本构模型进行研究,在处理断层滑移与套管变形问题上应着重开发新的跨尺度模型,开展断层滑移-套管变形一体化研究。块体离散元法的研究有利于非常规油气储层改造技术的发展,可为非常规油气资源的高效开发提供理论和技术支持。

关键词： 压裂; 块体离散元法; 数值模拟; 裂缝扩展

本文引用格式

杨兆中 , 付东瑞 , 陶静 , 易良平 , 李小刚 , 易多 , 何建冈 . 基于块体离散元法的压裂裂缝扩展模拟研究现状和展望[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025 , 32(5) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.05.001

Abstract

The block discrete element method has gradually become a widely studied and applied simulation approach for hydraulic fracture propagation due to its advantages in handling discontinuous media. To further advance the application of block discrete element method in fracture propagation modeling, this paper summarizes the current research and application status of fracture propagation simulation based on the block discrete element method, discusses existing problems and challenges, and identifies future research directions. The study shows that the block discrete element method can directly characterize the location, occurrence, and number of discontinuous structural surfaces, select different constitutive equations according to their different conditions in the formation, and assign the corresponding parameters, making the simulation results of hydraulic fracture propagation more consistent with the actual situation; when simulating hydraulic fracture propagation, initial hydraulic fractures and fracture surfaces need to be preset, and hydraulic fractures can only propagate along the preset fracture surfaces, which affects the accuracy of hydraulic fracture simulation to some extent; in the next step, when dealing with natural fracture problems, efforts shall be focused on developing new natural fracture models; when dealing with bedding problems, efforts shall be focused on using constitutive models that can characterize other reservoir characteristics for research; when dealing with fault slip and casing deformation problems, efforts shall be focused on developing new cross-scale models and conducting integrated research on fault slip-casing deformation. Research on the block discrete element method is conducive to the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoir stimulation technology and can provide theoretical and technical support for the efficient development of unconventional oil and gas resources.

Key words： fracturing; block discrete element method; numerical simulation; fracture propagation

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