塔里木盆地顺北地区超深层断控缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气成藏过程动态模拟

刘亚洲; 黄诚; 曾溅辉; 韩俊; 隆辉; 张胜; 刘畅; 廖文毫

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.06.003

特种油气藏 >

2025 , Vol. 32 >Issue 6: 22 - 32

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.06.003

地质勘探

塔里木盆地顺北地区超深层断控缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气成藏过程动态模拟

刘亚洲 ,
黄诚 ,
曾溅辉 ,
韩俊 ,
隆辉 ,
张胜 ,
刘畅 ,
廖文毫

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1.中国石油大学北京油气资源与工程国家重点实验室,北京 102249;
2.中国石油大学北京地球科学学院,北京 102249;
3.中国石化西北油田分公司,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

刘亚洲(1993—),男,助理研究员,2015年毕业于西南石油大学资源勘查工程专业,2023年毕业于中国石油大学(北京)地质资源与地质工程专业,获博士学位,现从事油气藏形成机理与分布规律方面的研究工作。

收稿日期: 2024-11-13

修回日期: 2025-09-13

网络出版日期: 2025-12-31

基金资助

国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金“克拉通盆地内部走滑断裂体系成因及控藏机制研究——以塔里木盆地为例”(U21B2063);国家资助博士后研究人员计划“基于人工智能的超深层断控缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气成藏主控因素定量研究”(GZC20242002);中国石油大学(北京)科研基金资助项目“斜坡带原油混合作用对分子成熟度参数的影响机制及其成藏史重建指示作用”(2462024XKBH005)

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Dynamic simulation of ultra-deep fault-controlled fracture-vuggy carbonate hydrocarbon accumulation processes in Shunbei Area,Tarim Basin

LIU Yazhou ,
HUANG Cheng ,
ZENG Jianhui ,
HAN Jun ,
LONG Hui ,
ZHANG Sheng ,
LIU Chang ,
LIAO Wenhao

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1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,China University of PetroleumBeijing,Beijing 102249,China;
2. College of Geosciences,China University of PetroleumBeijing,Beijing 102249,China;
3. Northwest Oilfield Company,Sinopec,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China

Received date: 2024-11-13

Revised date: 2025-09-13

Online published: 2025-12-31

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摘要

塔里木盆地顺北地区超深层油气资源丰富,但成藏地质条件时空匹配关系复杂,认识不清,为此,通过分析测试和盆地模拟技术恢复了顺北地区油气生—运—聚成藏过程,探讨油气性质差异性原因,揭示超深层油气运聚机理和成藏模式。结果表明:加里东中—晚期和海西晚期是油气运聚的关键时期,而喜马拉雅期存在油气藏再改造和分配;顺北地区烃源岩发育3种生烃模式,即油多气少双峰型、油气并举双峰型和气多油少双峰型;走滑断裂是油气运移的优势通道;盐下、盐间和盐上油气资源量存在此消彼长的关系,肖尔布拉克组和沙依里克组距离烃源岩近而优先发生运聚,低隆起区是油气再运移的中转站;横向上,顺北地区油气藏受控于主干断裂带的影响,呈现出条带状分布;纵向上,主干断裂沟通烃源岩,向上“开枝散叶”,断裂活动性越强,缝洞系统越发育;同一断裂带内,多期油气充注混合是导致不同位置油气性质差异的主控因素。顺北地区油气藏整体上表现出“多元接力式供烃,断裂优势输导,多期混合充注成藏”的特征。该研究成果对顺北地区下一步油气勘探提供了方法上的参考和借鉴。

关键词： 成藏过程; 动态模拟; 碳酸盐岩; 超深层; 顺北地区; 塔里木盆地

本文引用格式

刘亚洲 , 黄诚 , 曾溅辉 , 韩俊 , 隆辉 , 张胜 , 刘畅 , 廖文毫 . 塔里木盆地顺北地区超深层断控缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气成藏过程动态模拟[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025 , 32(6) : 22 -32 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.06.003

Abstract

The Shunbei Area of the Tarim Basin is abundant in ultra-deep hydrocarbon resources,however,the spatiotemporal correlation of the geological conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation is complex and not well understood.Therefore,by analyzing testing data and using basin modeling techniques,the processes of hydrocarbon generation,migration and accumulation in the Shunbei Area were reproduced;the causes for variability in hydrocarbon property were investigated;the mechanisms of ultra-deep hydrocarbon migration-accumulation and the reservoir-formation models were revealed.The results indicated that the Middle-Late Caledonian and Late Hercynian were the critical periods for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation,whereas during the Himalayan period,hydrocarbon reservoirs were reworked and redistributed.Three hydrocarbon-generation patterns developed in the source rocks of the Shunbei Area,namely,an oil-rich/gas-poor double-peaked pattern,a balanced oil-gas double-peaked pattern,and a gas-rich/oil-poor double-peaked pattern.Strike-slip faults served as the primary migration pathways.The hydrocarbon volumes in sub-salt,inter-salt,and supra-salt layers exhibited theinversely-proportioned relationship of"one wanes,the other waxes":the Xiaoerbulake Formation and Sayarik Formation,being closer to source rocks,preferentially experienced migration and accumulation,while low-upwelling zones acted as transfer stations for hydrocarbon re-migration.Laterally,the oil and gas fields in the Shunbei Area were controlled by the main fault belts and exhibited a belt-like distribution.Vertically,the main fault zones connected to source rocks and branched upward;the greater the fault activity was, the more developed was the fracture-vuggy system.Within the same fault zone,multi-stage mixed hydrocarbon charging was the dominant factor causing variations in hydrocarbon properties at different locations.Overall, the reservoirs in the Shunbei Area were characterized by "multi-source relay hydrocarbon supply,dominant fault-controlled migration and multi-phase mixed charging accumulation".This study provides a methodological reference for future hydrocarbon exploration in the Shunbei Area.

Key words： hydrocarbon accumulation process; dynamic simulation; carbonate reservoir; ultra-deep; the Shunbei Area; the Tarim Basin

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