页岩油储层不同螺旋射孔参数水力压裂裂缝扩展规律

邹林浩; 尚立涛; 李炳君; 苏义脑; 姜天翔; 李玮; 赵欢; 王剑波

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2026.02.014

特种油气藏 >

2026 , Vol. 33 >Issue 2: 126 - 134

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2026.02.014

钻采工程

页岩油储层不同螺旋射孔参数水力压裂裂缝扩展规律

邹林浩 ,
尚立涛 ,
李炳君 ,
苏义脑 ,
姜天翔 ,
李玮 ,
赵欢 ,
王剑波

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1.东北石油大学陆相页岩油气成藏及高效开发教育部重点实验室,黑龙江大庆 163318;
2.中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司,北京 102206;
3.中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司第五采油厂,黑龙江大庆 163513;
4.安福昆仑燃气有限公司,江西吉安 343200;
5.油气钻完井技术国家工程研究中心,北京 102206

邹林浩(1998—),男,2019年毕业于东北石油大学软件工程专业,现为该校石油与天然气工程专业在读博士研究生,从事非常规油气水力压裂数值模拟等方面的研究工作。

收稿日期: 2025-05-20

修回日期: 2026-01-22

网络出版日期: 2026-07-30

基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目“万米深井PDC钻头冲击破岩机理及提速方法研究”(52274005)

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Fracture propagation patterns during hydraulic fracturing under different helical perforation parameters in shale oil reservoirs

ZOU Linhao ,
SHANG Litao ,
LI Bingjun ,
SU Yi′nao ,
JIANG Tianxiang ,
LI Wei ,
ZHAO Huan ,
WANG Jianbo

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1. Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development,Ministry of Education,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163318,China;
2. CNPC Engineering Technology R & D Company Limited,Beijing 102206,China;
3. No.5 Oil Production Plant of PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Co.,Ltd.,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163513, China;
4. Anfu Kunlun Gas Co.,Ltd.,Ji′an,Jiangxi 343200,China;
5. National Engineering Research Center of Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology,Beijing 102206,China

Received date: 2025-05-20

Revised date: 2026-01-22

Online published: 2026-07-30

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摘要

水力压裂在油气藏开发中起着至关重要的作用,而射孔参数对页岩油储层岩石裂缝的形态及扩展具有显著影响。为优化射孔参数,提升储层改造效果,开展室内真三轴水力压裂实验,探讨射孔参数对裂缝形态、扩展规律和破裂压力的影响。研究表明:射孔相位角对水力压裂裂缝的起裂和扩展具有显著影响,当射孔相位角为90°时,水力压裂裂缝的面积最大,易形成“丰”字形的复杂裂缝面;而当射孔相位角为60°时,裂缝面积最小,且不易形成有效的穿层裂缝。增加射孔数有助于提高裂缝的复杂性和穿层扩展能力。随着射孔相位角的增大,孔眼之间的应力叠加和干扰效应减弱,破裂压力逐渐增加;随着射孔数的增加,破裂压力则呈整体下降趋势。对于页岩油储层水力压裂,建议在确保井筒完整性的前提下,采用射孔相位角为90°和高射孔数量的射孔方案进行施工。该研究可为页岩油开采中裂缝扩展及形态优化提供理论依据。

关键词： 页岩油储层; 射孔参数; 螺旋射孔; 水力压裂; 裂缝形态

本文引用格式

邹林浩 , 尚立涛 , 李炳君 , 苏义脑 , 姜天翔 , 李玮 , 赵欢 , 王剑波 . 页岩油储层不同螺旋射孔参数水力压裂裂缝扩展规律[J]. 特种油气藏, 2026 , 33(2) : 126 -134 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2026.02.014

Abstract

Hydraulic fracturing plays a critical role in oil and gas reservoir development,and perforation parameters significantly affect the morphology and propagation of fractures in shale oil reservoirs.To optimize perforation parameters and improve stimulation effectiveness,laboratory true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of perforation parameters on fracture morphology,propagation patterns,and breakdown pressure.The results show that perforation phasing has a significant effect on fracture initiation and propagation.When the perforation phasing is 90°,the hydraulic fracture area is the largest,and a complex“丰(feng)”-shaped fracture surface is prone to form;when the perforation phasing is 60°,the fracture area is the smallest,and effective interlayer-crossing fractures are difficult to form.Increasing the number of perforations helps improve fracture complexity and the capability of interlayer propagation.With increasing perforation phasing,the stress superposition and interference effects between perforation tunnels weaken,and the breakdown pressure increases gradually;with increasing number of perforations,the breakdown pressure shows an overall decreasing trend.For hydraulic fracturing of shale oil reservoirs,it is recommended to adopt a perforation scheme with 90° perforation phasing and a high number of perforations under the premise of ensuring wellbore integrity.This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing fracture propagation and morphology in shale oil production.

Key words： shale oil reservoir; perforation parameters; helical perforation; hydraulic fracturing; fracture morphology

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