水力压裂裂缝扩展过程中的支撑剂输运特征

杨兆中; 张杰; 朱静怡; 李小刚; 吴江; 陶勋珂; 潘东

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2026.03.011

特种油气藏 >

2026 , Vol. 33 >Issue 3: 98 - 105

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2026.03.011

钻采工程

水力压裂裂缝扩展过程中的支撑剂输运特征

杨兆中 ,
张杰 ,
朱静怡 ,
李小刚 ,
吴江 ,
陶勋珂 ,
潘东

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1.西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川成都 610500;
2.西南石油大学,四川成都 610500;
3.中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司,黑龙江大庆 163000

杨兆中(1969—),男,教授,博士生导师,1990年毕业于西南石油学院石油工程专业,1996年毕业于该校油气田开发工程专业,获博士学位,现从事非常规油气增产理论与技术、采油气理论与技术的研究与教学工作。

收稿日期: 2024-07-05

修回日期: 2025-12-31

网络出版日期: 2026-09-04

基金资助

澳大利亚基金委工业联动项目“Low-density high-performance proppants for bydraulic fracturingprocess低密度高性能压裂支撑剂研发”(LP200100420)

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Proppant transport characteristics during fracture propagation in hydraulic fracturing

YANG Zhaozhong ,
ZHANG Jie ,
ZHU Jingyi ,
LI Xiaogang ,
WU Jiang ,
TAO Xunke ,
PAN Dong

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1. State Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China;
2. Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China;
3. PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Co.,Ltd.,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163000,China

Received date: 2024-07-05

Revised date: 2025-12-31

Online published: 2026-09-04

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摘要

在水力压裂支撑剂泵注阶段,裂缝处于持续扩展的状态。为探究裂缝扩展对支撑剂铺置效果的影响,在前人研究的基础上,利用缝宽可动态变化的支撑剂输运物理模拟装置,采用单因素分析方法,分别在分支缝不同的开启时机、排量、砂比和压裂液黏度实验条件下开展支撑剂运移模拟实验,并与裂缝固定不变实验进行对比。研究表明:裂缝扩展对支撑剂铺置效果影响显著,与固定缝宽实验结果相比,支撑剂平衡砂堤水平下降率达24.68%,砂堤前缘距离增长率达45.09%,且该差距随排量、砂比和黏度的增加而减小;在压裂加砂过程中,有针对性地对分支缝进行支撑剂的填充,有利于改善缝内支撑剂铺置效果;支撑剂泵注阶段的前期采用大排量、低砂比、高黏度的施工参数进行泵送,后期采用大排量、高砂比、低黏度的施工参数进行泵送,采取交替泵注的方法有利于支撑剂的高效铺置。该研究揭示了裂缝动态扩展对支撑剂铺置的影响规律,为优化压裂施工参数、实现支撑剂高效铺置提供了理论依据。

关键词： 支撑剂; 水力压裂; 裂缝扩展; 支撑剂铺置; 物理模拟

本文引用格式

杨兆中 , 张杰 , 朱静怡 , 李小刚 , 吴江 , 陶勋珂 , 潘东 . 水力压裂裂缝扩展过程中的支撑剂输运特征[J]. 特种油气藏, 2026 , 33(3) : 98 -105 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2026.03.011

Abstract

During the proppant injection stage of hydraulic fracturing,fractures remain in a state of continuous propagation.To investigate the influence of fracture propagation on proppant placement,on the basis of previous studies,this paper used a physical simulation apparatus for proppant transport with dynamically variable fracture width.Using a single-factor analytical method,proppant transport simulation experiments were conducted under different branch-fracture opening times,different injection rates,different sand ratios,different fracturing-fluid viscosities and were compared with experiments conducted under fixed fracture conditions.The results show that fracture propagation exerts a significant influence on proppant placement.Compared with the results of fixed-fracture-width experiments,the horizontal decline rate of the equilibrium proppant-bank height reached 24.68%,and the increase rate of the distance to the leading edge of the proppant bank reached 45.09%.This difference decreased with increasing injection rate,sand ratio and viscosity.During the sand-adding stage of fracturing,targeted filling of branch fractures with proppant is conducive to improving proppant placement within fractures.During the early stage of proppant injection,pumping with a high injection rate,low sand ratio and high viscosity is favorable,whereas during the later stage,pumping with a high injection rate,high sand ratio and low viscosity is favorable.Alternating pumping is conducive to efficient proppant placement.This study reveals the influence law of dynamic fracture propagation on proppant placement and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing fracturing parameters and achieving efficient proppant placement.

Key words： proppant; hydraulic fracturing; fracture propagation; proppant placement; physical simulation

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