超稠油组合油嘴放喷装置的研究与应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2021.05.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 超稠油井放喷采用五级油嘴控制放喷产液量,在调换油嘴前后,产液量会发生大幅波动,并且随着含水下降,油液黏度增大,经常出现放喷“假死”现象,影响油井放喷时效及下泵时机。为此,研制了组合油嘴放喷装置。该装置设计了异形过流口和柱形阀芯,异形过流口通过前、中、后3段不同曲率的设计,过流面积可与放喷平稳期、急速期、缓速期的放喷量相适应;通过异形过流口与柱形阀芯配合,阀门开度与放喷量线性匹配,实现放喷量的无级平滑调节;通过优化设计异形过流口位置,降低放喷时井口能量损失。该技术在辽河油田现场应用113井次,累计缩短放喷时间4 123.0 h。该技术可对超稠油井放喷制度的优化提供参考。

关键词: 超稠油, 放喷, 油嘴, 异形过流口, 蒸汽吞吐

Abstract: Five-stage nozzle is used to control the blowoff rate of fluids produced in the ultra-heavy oil wells. The fluid production rate fluctuates greatly before and after nozzle replacement, and as water content decreases, the viscosity of oil increases, the blowoff may be suspended, which affects the specific time for oil well blowoff and the time to run in pump. For this purpose, a blowoff technology with combined nozzle was developed. The technology was designed with special shaped overflow outlet and cylindrical spool. The special shaped overflow outlet was designed with different curvatures in the front, middle and rear sections, and the overflow area could be adapted to the blowoff rate in smooth, rapid and slow periods. The valve opening was linearly matched to the blowoff rate by matching the special shaped overflow outlet with the cylindrical spool to achieve smooth stepless adjustment of the blowoff rate. The energy loss of wellhead during blowoff could be reduced by optimizing the position of special shaped overflow outlet. The technology has been applied 113 times on site in Liaohe Oilfield, cumulatively reducing the total blowoff time by 4 123.0h. The technology can be used as a reference for optimizing the blowoff system in ultra-heavy oil wells.

Key words: ultra-heavy oil, blowoff, nozzle, special shaped overflow outlet, steam stimulation

中图分类号:

TE355.5

高忠敏, 杨波, 陈伟东. 超稠油组合油嘴放喷装置的研究与应用[J]. 特种油气藏, 2021, 28(5): 168-174.

Gao Zhongmin, Yang Bo, Chen Weidong. Study and Application of Blowoff Device with Combined Nozzle for Ultra-Heavy Oil Well[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2021, 28(5): 168-174.

参考文献

[1] 王广顺.超稠油井放喷管理方式研究与应用[J].特种油气藏.2006,13(增刊):203-204.
WANG Guangshun.Research and application of blowout management methods for super-heavy oil wells[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs. 2006,13(S):203-204.
[2] 张鸿.边底水稠油油藏火驱可行性及操作参数优选实验研究[J].石油地质与工程,2020,34(5):74-78.
ZHANG Hong.Experimental study on feasibility of fire flooding and optimization of operation parameters in heavy oil reservoir with edge and bottom water-by taking J91 block of Liaohe Oilfield as an example[J].Petroleum Geology & Engineering,2020,34(5):74-78.
[3] 郑伟,张利军,朱国金,等.渤海L油田稠油水平井蒸汽吞吐开发效果分析[J].石油地质与工程,2019,33(4):80-82.
ZHENG Wei,ZHANG Lijun,ZHU Guojin,et al.Thermal recovery effect evaluation of cyclic steam stimulation of heavy oil horizontal wells in Bohai L Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology & Engineering,2019,33(4):80-82.
[4] 刘如杰.超稠油放喷装置改进与实践[J].石油管材与仪器,2020,6(1):69-72.
LIU Rujie.Improvement and application of super heavy oil jetting device[J].Petroleum Tubular Goods & instruments,2020,6(1):69-72.
[5] 杨立龙.中深层超稠油油藏SAGD开发热效率分析及提升对策[J].特种油气藏,2021,28(3):151-156.
YANG Lilong.Analysis on the thermal efficienc of SAGD development in mid-deep super heavy oil reservoirs[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2021,28(3):151-156.
[6] 韩爽.稠油油藏超临界蒸汽吞吐技术机理及应用[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2020.
HAN Shuang.Mechanism and application of supercritical cyclic steam for heavy oil reservoirs[D].Daqin:Northest Petroleum University,2020.
[7] 李苒,陈掌星,吴克柳,等.特超稠油SAGD高效开发技术研究综述[J].中国科学:技术科学,2020,50(6):729-741.
LI Ran,CHEN ZhangXing,WU KeLiu,et al.Review on the effective recovery of SAGD production for extra andsuper heavy oil reservoirs[J].Scientia Sinica Technologica,2020,50(6):729-741.
[8] 妙兴,韩怀,闫少武,等.稠油油藏注汽前后物性变化规律研究[J].西部探矿工程,2004,16(7):68-71.
MIAO Xing,HAN Huai,YAN Shaowu,et al.Study on the change law of physical properties before and after steam injection in heavy oil reservoirs[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2004,16(7):68-71.
[9] 刘勇,王崇先,李晓辉,等.深层超稠油多元热流体开采机理[J].断块油气田,2019,26(5):638-643.
LIU Yong,WANG Chongxian,LI Xiaohui,et al.Development mechanism of multivariate thermal fluid of deep super-heavy oil[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2019,26(5):638-643.
[10] 赵睿,罗池辉,张宇,等.非均质超稠油油藏SAGD快速启动技术界限——以风城油田侏罗系齐古组超稠油油藏为例[J].新疆石油地质,2019,40(2):199-203.
ZHAO Rui,LUO Chihui,ZHANG Yu,et al.Limits of SAGD fast start-up technology for heterogeneous super heavy oil reservoirs:a case study of super heavy oil reservoir of Jurassic Qigu Formation in Fengcheng Oilfield[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2019,40(2):199-203.
[11] 高永荣,郭二鹏,沈德煌,等.超稠油油藏蒸汽辅助重力泄油后期注空气开采技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2019,46(1):109-115.
GAO Yongrong,GUO Erpeng,SHEN Dehuang,et al.Air-SAGD technology for super-heavy oil reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration AND Developmen,2019,46(1):109-115.
[12] 孙新革,赵长虹,熊伟,等.风城浅层超稠油蒸汽吞吐后期提高采收率技术[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(3):72-76.
SUN Xinge,ZHAO Changhong,XIONG Wei,et al.Enhanced oil recovery in the late stage of shallow super-heavy oil reservoir with steam huff-puff in Fengcheng Oilfield[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(3):72-76.
[13] 黄建华,罗恩勇.超稠油井高效放喷方式研究与应用[J].西部探矿工程,2008,20(8):57-58.
HUANG Jianhua,LUO Enyong.Research and application of high-efficiency blowout methods for super-heavy oil wells[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2008,20(8):57-58.
[14] 刘如杰,李敏燕,刘长芝,等.蒸汽吞吐超稠油井放喷管理探索[J].中外能源,2016,21(8):64-67.
LIU Rujie,LI Minyan,LIU Changzhi,et al.Research on the blowout management of steam stimulation in super heavy oil wells[J].Sino-Global Energy,2016,21(8):64-67.
[15] 陈龙,陈璟,李志海,等.基于SolidWorks Flow Simulation优化球阀结构[J].CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2014,21(9):60-63.
CHEN Long,CHEN Jing,LI Zhihai,et al.Optimization of ball valve structure based on SolidWorks flow simulation[J].CAD/CAM and Manufacturing Informatization,2014,21(9):60-63.
[16] 刘晓凯,袁林枫.基于SolidWorks Flow Simulation大口径蝶阀流场分析及结构对比[J].智能制造,2016,23(8):46-49.
LIU Xiaokai,YUAN Linfeng.Flow field analysis and structure comparison of large-diameter butterfly valve based on SolidWorks Flow Simulation[J].Intelligent Manufacturing,2016,23(8):46-49.
[17] 刘晓凯,吉元鑫.基于SolidWorks Flow Simulation的蝶式止回阀蝶板数值仿真及结构对比[J].智能制造,2015,22(12):51-54.
LIU Xiaokai,JI Yuanxin.Numerical simulation and structure comparison of butterfly disks of butterfly check valve based on SolidWorks Flow Simulation[J].Intelligent Manufacturing,2015,22(12):51-54.
[18] 张桂娟,朱登明,邱显杰,等.一种面向流体仿真的场景处理方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2010,22(8):1360-1365.
ZHANG Guijuan,ZHU Dengming,QIU Xianjie,et al.A scene processing method for fluid simulation[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics,2010,22(8):1360-1365.
[19] 赵振业.高强度合金抗疲劳应用技术研究与发展[J].中国工程科学,2005,7(3):90-94.
ZHAO Zhenye.Investigation and development status of the applicationtechnology to improve fatigue behavior of high strength alloys[J].Engineering Science,2005,7(3):90-94.
[20] 赵少甫,许鸿翔,王红伟,等.提高20Cr₂Ni₄A钢齿轮渗碳淬火硬度的实验研究[J].金属热处理,2021,46(7):120-125.
ZHAO Shaofu,XU Hongxiang,WANG Hongwei,et al.Experimental study on improving carburizing and quenching hardness of gear made of 20Cr₂Ni₄A steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2021,46(7):120-125.