基于CT扫描的蒸汽驱岩心孔隙结构特征及相渗分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2023.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确蒸汽驱对疏松砂岩稠油油藏孔隙结构特征的影响,以LDB油田为例,应用CT技术扫描不同蒸汽驱阶段岩心,构建三维数字岩心模型,提取孔隙网络模型,获取不同蒸汽驱阶段的岩心孔隙度、绝对渗透率及孔隙结构相关特征等参数,并通过流动模拟得到相对渗透率曲线,开展定量统计及分析。结果表明:随着蒸汽驱的进行,岩心孔隙空间变大,平均孔隙半径、平均喉道半径、孔隙度及渗透率均增大,渗流能力变强,孔隙结构得到改善。研究成果可为稠油油藏蒸汽驱开发设计提供技术支持。

关键词: 稠油热采, 蒸汽驱, CT扫描, 孔隙结构, 孔隙网络模型

Abstract: In order to identify the effect of steam flooding on the pore structure characteristics of heavy oil reservoirs in unconsolidated sandstone, in a study case of LDB Oilfield, CT technology is applied to scan the cores in different steam flooding stages, a three-dimensional digital core model is constructed and a pore network model is extracted to obtain the core porosity, absolute permeability, pore structure characteristics and other parameters at different steam flooding stages, as well as working out the relative permeability curve by flow simulation and performing quantitative statistics and analysis. The result shows: as the steam flooding progresses, the pore space of the core becomes larger, leading to increase in average pore radius, average throat radius, porosity and permeability, and enhancing the permeability and improving the pore structure. The study results provide technical support for the design of heavy oil reservoir development with steam flooding.

Key words: thermal recovery of heavy oil, steam flooding, CT scanning, pore structure, pore network model

中图分类号:

TE135

李爱芬, 高子恒, 景文龙, 付帅师. 基于CT扫描的蒸汽驱岩心孔隙结构特征及相渗分析[J]. 特种油气藏, 2023, 30(1): 79-86.

Li Aifen, Gao Ziheng, Jing Wenlong, Fu Shuaishi. Cores Pore Structure Characteristics and Relative Permeability Analysis in Steam Flooding Based on CT Scanning[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2023, 30(1): 79-86.

参考文献

[1] 户昶昊.中深层稠油油藏蒸汽驱技术研究进展与发展方向[J].特种油气藏,2020,27(6):54-59.
HU Changhao.Research progress and development direction of steam flooding technology for medium and deep heavy oil reservoirs[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2020,27(6):54-59.
[2] 赵庆辉,张鸿,杨兴超,等.深层超稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐后转汽驱实验研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2021,43(3):146-154.
ZHAO Qinghui,ZHANG Hong,YANG Xingchao,et al.An experimental study on steam flooding after huff and puff in deep super heavy oil reservoir[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition),2021,43(3):146-154.
[3] 王大为,杜春晓,耿志刚,等.海上特稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐转蒸汽驱物理模拟研究[J].新疆石油天然气,2020,16(4):47-53.
WANG Dawei,DU Chunxiao,GENG Zhigang,et al.Physical simulation study on steam flooding after huff and puff in offshore super heavy oil reservoir[J].Xinjiang Oil & Gas,2020,16(4):47-53.
[4] 金忠康,王智林.稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐转蒸汽驱可行性研究[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2020,33(5):36-41.
JIN Zhongkang,WANG Zhilin.Feasibility study of steam flooding ensuing steam stimulation in heavy oil reservoir[J].Journal of Petrochemical Universities,2020,33(5):36-41.
[5] 唐宁,唐洪明.稠油开采对疏松砂岩储层孔隙结构的影响[J].化工设计通讯,2021,47(2):21-22.
TANG Ning,TANG Hongming.Effect of heavy oil recovery on pore structure of unconsolidated sandstone reservoir[J].Chemical Engineering Design Communications,2021,47(2):21-22.
[6] 张洪宝,刘永建,塔耀晶,等.稠油油藏氮气辅助蒸汽驱室内实验[J].断块油气田,2020,27(5):624-627.
ZHANG Hongbao,LIU Yongjian,TA Yaojing,et al.Laboratory experiment of nitrogen assisted steam flooding in heavy oil reservoir[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2020,27(5):624-627.
[7] 赵燕,吴光焕,孙业恒.泡沫辅助蒸汽驱矿场试验及效果[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(5):106-110.
ZHAO Yan,WU Guanghuan,SUN Yeheng.Field test and effect analysis of foam-assisted steam flooding[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(5):106-110.
[8] 黄帅博.焉耆盆地四十里城地区储层特征及孔隙演化[J].石油地质与工程,2020,34(2):28-32.
HUANG Shuaibo.Reservoir characteristics and pore evolution in Sishilicheng Area of Yanqi Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Engineering,2020,34(2):28-32.
[9] 李楚雄,申宝剑,潘安阳,等.波罗的海盆地上奥陶统页岩孔隙演化的热压模拟实验[J].石油实验地质,2020,42(3):434-442.
LI Chuxiong,SHEN Baojian,PAN Anyang,et al.Thermal-pressure simulation experiment of pore evolution of Upper Ordovician shale in Baltic Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2020,42(3):434-442.
[10] 徐传正,冯烁,田继军,等.龙马溪组岩相类型及其对孔隙特征的影响因素[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2021,43(1):51-60.
XU Chuanzheng,FENG Shuo,TIAN Jijun,et al.Lithofacies types of longmaxi formation and its influencing factors on pore characteristics[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition),2021,43(1):51-60.
[11] 邓羽,刘红岐,孙杨沙,等.砂砾岩储层孔隙结构特征及定量评价[J].断块油气田,2021,28(3):340-345.
DENG Yu,LIU Hongqi,SUN Yangsha,et al.Pore structure characteristics and quantitative evaluation of glutenite reservoir[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2021,28(3):340-345.
[12] 惠威,薛宇泽,白晓路,等.致密砂岩储层微观孔隙结构对可动流体赋存特征的影响[J].特种油气藏,2020,27(2):87-92.
HUI Wei,XUE Yuze,BAI Xiaolu,et al.Influence of micro-pore structure on the movable fluid occurrence in tight sandstone reservoir[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2020,27(2):87-92.
[13] NI Hongyang,LIU Jiangfeng,HUANG Bingxiang,et al.Quantitative analysis of pore structure and permeability characteristics of sandstone using SEM and CT images[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2021,88(1):103861.
[14] XIE Linglu,YOU Qing,WANG Enze,et al.Quantitative characterization of pore size and structural features in ultra-low permeability reservoirs based on X-ray computed tomography[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2022,208(Part E):109733.
[15] VALVATNE P H.Predictive pore-scale modelling of multiphase flow[D].London:Imperial College London,2004.
[16] SAKDINAWAT A,ATTWOOD D.Nanoscale X-ray imaging[J].Nature Photonics,2009,4(12):840-848.
[17] 殷代印,张旭东.朝阳沟油田杨大城子油层微观孔隙结构特征研究[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2021,34(4):39-45.
YIN Daiyin,ZHANG Xudong.Study on micro pore structure characteristics of Yangdachengzi oil layer in Chaoyanggou Oilfield[J].Journal of Petrochemical Universities,2021,34(4):39-45.
[18] 白斌,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.利用多尺度CT成像表征致密砂岩微观孔喉结构[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(3):329-331.
BAI Bin,ZHU Rukai,WU Songtao,et al.Multi-scale method of Nano(Micro)-CT study on microscopic pore structure of tight sandstone of Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(3):329-331.
[19] 韩文学,高长海,韩霞.核磁共振及微、纳米CT技术在致密储层研究中的应用——以鄂尔多斯盆地长7段为例[J].断块油气田,2015,22(1):62-66.
HAN Wenxue,GAO Changhai,HAN Xia.Application of nuclear magnetic resonance and micro- and nano-CT technology in the study of tight reservoirs:a case study of Chang 7 Member in Ordos Basin[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2015,22(1):62-66.
[20] 尤源,牛小兵,李廷艳,等.CT技术在致密砂岩微观孔隙结构研究中的应用——以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段为例[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(2):227-230.
YOU Yuan,NIU Xiaobing,LI Tingyan,et al.Application of CT scanning system to study of micro-pore structure of tight sandstone:a case study of Chang 7 Member of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(2):227-230.
[21] 张浩,陈刚,朱玉双,等.致密油储层微观孔隙结构定量表征——以鄂尔多斯盆地新安边油田长7储层为例[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(1):112-119.
ZHANG Hao,CHEN Gang,ZHU Yushuang,et al.Quantitative characterization of microscopic pore throat structure in tight sandstone oil reservoirs:a case study of Chang 7 Reservoir in Xin′anbian Oilfield,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2017,39(1):112-119.
[22] 董怀民,孙建孟,林振洲,等.基于CT扫描的天然气水合物储层微观孔隙结构定量表征及特征分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(6):40-49.
DONG Huaimin,SUN Jianmeng,LIN Zhenzhou,et al.Quantitative characterization and characteristics analysis of microscopic pore structure in natural gas hydrate based on CT scanning[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Sciences),2018,42(6):40-49.
[23] 高兴军,齐亚东,宋新民,等.数字岩心分析与真实岩心实验平行对比研究[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(6):93-96,145.
GAO Xingjun,QI Yadong,SONG Xinmin,et al.Study on parallel comparison of digital rock analysis and real rock experiment[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2015,22(6):93-96,145.
[24] 胡绍彬,曹广胜,殷代印.稠油高压吞吐模拟实验装置开发与应用[J].实验室研究与探索,2013,32(8):25-28.
HU Shaobin,CAO Guangsheng,YIN Daiyin.Development and application of high pressure heavy oil stimulation simulation experimental device[J].Research and Exploration in Laboratory,2013,32(8):25-28.
[25] 王敬玉,罗治形.注汽热采中黏土矿物成分及含量的变化规律[J].新疆石油地质,1995,16(1):67-72.
WANG Jingyu,LUO Zhixing.Variation pattern of clay mineral composition and content in under steam injection conditions[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1995,16(1):67-72.
[26] 张琦.基于数字岩心的砂岩油藏微观剩余油研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2016.
ZHANG Qi.Study on microscopic residual oil of sandstone reservoirs based on digital cores[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2016.
[27] 赵秀才.数字岩心及孔隙网络模型重构方法研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2009.
ZHAO Xiucai.Research on digital core and pore network model reconstruction method[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2009.
[28] 朱志强.利用数字岩心技术研究变质岩潜山裂缝油藏剩余油特征[J].特种油气藏,2019,26(3):148-152.
ZHU Zhiqiang.Remaining oil distribution patterns of metamorphic buried-hill fractured reservoir based on digital core technology[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2019,26(3):148-152.
[29] 周华建,孙先达,柳波,等.松辽盆地青一段微晶碳酸盐岩微观特征分析与原油组分赋存状态表征[J].东北石油大学学报,2020,44(5):13-22.
ZHOU Huajian,SUN Xianda,LIU Bo,et al.Analysis of microscopic characteristics of microcrystalline carbonate rocks and occurrence state of crude oil components in Qing 1st Member of Songliao Basin[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2020,44(5):13-22.
[30] 赵华伟,宁正福,段太忠,等.基于微米CT扫描成像实验及格子Boltzmann模拟方法的致密砂岩孔隙结构表征[J].东北石油大学学报,2019,43(5):1-10.
ZHAO Huawei,NING Zhengfu,DUAN Taizhong,et al.Pore structure characterization of tight sandstones by X-ray computed tomography experiment combined with Lattice Boltzmann Method[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2019,43(5):1-10.
[31] 盛军,杨晓菁,李纲,等.基于多尺度X-CT成像的数字岩心技术在碳酸盐岩储层微观孔隙结构研究中的应用[J].现代地质,2019,33(3):653-661,671.
SHENG Jun,YANG Xiaojing,LI Gang,et al.Application of multiscale X-CT imaging digital core technique on observing micro-pore structure of carbonate reservoirs[J].Geoscience,2019,33(3):653 -661,671.
[32] 李滔,肖文联,李闽,等.砂岩储层微观水驱油实验与数值模拟研究[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(2):155-159.
LI Tao,XIAO Wenlian,LI Min,et al.Tests and numerical simulation for microscopic waterflooding in sandstone reservoirs[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(2):155-159.
[33] 张礼臻.热采稠油油藏蒸汽驱相渗曲线影响因素研究[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2020,40(8):157-158.
ZHANG Lizhen.Study on the factors influencing the phase seepage curve of steam flooding in hot recovery heavy oil reservoirs[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2020,40(8):157-158.