天然氢气成藏规律及勘探开发前景展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.01.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国“双碳”目标的确立促使寻找高效环保的能源成为当前的重要任务,氢气作为一种清洁能源,正逐渐受到科研人员的广泛关注。目前,氢气的工业生产主要通过石油、天然气等化石燃料制取,但在制氢的同时产生大量二氧化碳。工业上还通过电解水技术制取氢气,但该方法因成本昂贵无法大规模量产。自20世纪70年代以来,全球范围内发现了诸多天然氢气聚集的实例,天然氢气以其低碳、可再生的特点有望成为未来最有前景的清洁能源。中国关于天然氢气的研究还相对较少,尚没有勘探、开采天然氢气的先例。为此,基于前人研究,结合全球天然氢气的发现情况,从石油地质学的角度总结了天然氢气的成因、运移、聚集规律,并对天然氢气勘探开发前景进行了展望。该研究可为中国未来天然氢气勘探开发提供借鉴。

关键词: 天然氢气, 成藏规律, 地幔脱气, 蛇纹石化, 水溶相, 前寒武纪基底

Abstract: The establishment of China′s "dual carbon" goal has made the search for efficient and environment-friendly energy sources an urgent task. Hydrogen gas, as a clean energy source, is increasingly gaining the attention of researchers. At present, the industrial production of hydrogen is primarily derived from fossil fuels such as petroleum and natural gas, which results in the substantial emission of carbon dioxide during the hydrogen production process. Hydrogen is also industrially produced through the electrolysis of water; however, this method is not yet suitable for mass production due to the associated high costs. Since the 1970 s, numerous instances of natural hydrogen gas accumulation have been discovered worldwide. With its low-carbon and renewable characteristics, natural hydrogen gas is anticipated to become the most promising clean energy source for the future. In China, the study on natural hydrogen gas in China is relatively scarce, and there are no precedents for the exploration and development of natural hydrogen gas. To this end, based on previous study and in conjunction with the global discoveries of natural hydrogen gas, the origins, migration, and accumulation patterns of natural hydrogen gas have been summarized from the perspective of petroleum geology. The study also provides a prospective outlook on the exploration and development of natural hydrogen gas. This study can offer insights for future natural hydrogen gas exploration and development in China.

Key words: natural hydrogen gas, accumulation patterns, mantle degassing, serpentinization, water-dissolving phase, Precambrian basement

中图分类号:

TK91

倪智勇, 曾溅辉, 刘小平, 施凯, 邵钢钢. 天然氢气成藏规律及勘探开发前景展望[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025, 32(1): 1-11.

NI Zhiyong, ZENG Jianhui, LIU Xiaoping, SHI Kai, SHAO Ganggang. Natural hydrogen accumulation patterns and prospects for exploration and development[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2025, 32(1): 1-11.

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