化学驱提高采收率技术发展现状与展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 注水油藏开发中后期非均质性加剧,高温、高盐环境也对化学驱的实施提出了更高的要求,化学驱的应用面临新挑战。为此,该文对聚合物驱、表面活性剂驱、碱驱、多元复合驱技术的应用情况及存在问题进行了全面总结,并分析有机碱三元复合驱、无碱二元复合驱、非连续化学驱、纳米复合驱等驱替技术的发展现状。明确了驱油体系性能在稳定性、适应性、评价方法、储层损害等方面存在的技术瓶颈及挑战,对低伤害化学驱油体系、复合驱智能化发展等技术进行展望。该研究对化学驱的研究与应用提供了参考。

关键词: 化学复合驱, 提高采收率, 储层保护, 适应性评价, 技术展望

Abstract: In the middle and late stages of water-flooding development in oil reservoirs, the intensification of heterogeneity and the high-temperature, high-salinity environment impose greater demands on the implementation of chemical flooding, presenting new challenges for its application. For this reason, this paper provides a comprehensive summary of the application status and existing issues of polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, alkali flooding, and polycomplex flooding technologies. Additionally, it analyzes the current development status of organic alkaline ternary combination flooding, alkaline-free binary combination flooding, non-continuous chemical flooding, and nanocombination flooding technologies. The study identifies technical bottlenecks and challenges in the performance of oil displacement systems regarding stability, adaptability, evaluation methods, and reservoir damage. It also offers an outlook on low-damage chemical flooding systems and the intelligent development of combination flooding technologies. This study serves as a reference for the research and application of chemical flooding in the oil industry.

Key words: chemical combination flooding, enhanced oil recovery, reservoir protection, adaptability evaluation, technology prospect

中图分类号:

TE357

李艳春, 隋明园. 化学驱提高采收率技术发展现状与展望[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025, 32(1): 12-21.

LI Yanchun, SUI Mingyuan. Development status and prospect of chemical flooding technology for enhanced oil recovery[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2025, 32(1): 12-21.

参考文献

[1] 陈洪才,王昭凯,金忠康,等.中低渗砂岩油藏水驱后期油藏再评价及提高采收率对策[J].特种油气藏,2024,31(4):133-141.
CHEN Hongcai,WANG Zhaokai,JIN Zhongkang,et al.Re-evaluation of medium-low permeability sandstone reservoirs in the later stage of water flooding and strategies to improve recovery efficiency[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2024,31(4):133-141.
[2] ZHANG Zhen,LI Jiachun.Process,mechanism and impacts of scale formation in alkaline flooding by a variable porosity and permeability model[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,2016,32(3):406-421.
[3] 李丹.高低质量浓度段塞组合聚合物驱提高采收率实验[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2018,37(6):121-124.
LI Dan.Experiment of the polymer flooding EOR in the combination of high and low-mass-concentration slugs[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2018,37(6):121-124.
[4] 赵方剑.胜利油田化学驱提高采收率技术研究进展[J].当代石油石化,2016,24(10):19-22.
ZHAO Fangjian.Research progress of chemical flooding enhanced oil recovery technologies in Shengli Oilfield[J].Petroleum Petrochemical Today,2016,24(10):19-22.
[5] 肖磊,孙林涛,张连峰,等.河南油田化学驱技术现状与发展[J].石油地质与工程,2021,35(5):67-71.
XIAO Lei,SUN Lintao,ZHANG Lianfeng,et al.Present situation and development of chemical flooding technology in Henan Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology & Engineering,2021,35(5):67-71.
[6] GUO Ziqiang,DONG Mingzhe,CHEN Zhangxing,et al.A fast and effective method to evaluate the polymer flooding potential for heavy oil reservoirs in western Canada[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2013,112:335-340.
[7] 龙永福,王登莲,王伟华.五里湾长6油藏表面活性剂复合调驱技术研究及试验[J].石油化工应用,2010,29(7):43-46.
LONG Yongfu,WANG Denglian,WANG Weihua.Research and test on surfactant combination flooding technology for the Chang 6 Oil Reservoir in Wuliwan[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2010,29(7):43-46.
[8] 尚朝辉,吴晓东.桩西115区块表面活性剂驱技术研究与应用[J].油田化学,2012,29(2):220-224,230.
SHANG Zhaohui,WU Xiaodong.Study and application of surfactant flooding technology for reservoir with high temperature and middle-low permeability in Block 115,Zhuangxi Oilfield[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2012,29(2):220-224,230.
[9] 侯军刚,刘建英,杨虎,等.特低渗油藏王窑区表面活性剂驱油先导试验研究与应用[J].石油地质与工程,2013,27(5):132-135.
HOU Jungang,LIU Jianying,YANG Hu,et al.Research and application of oil flooding pilot test by surfactant of ultra-low permeability reservoir in Wangyao Area[J].Petroleum Geology & Engineering,2013,27(5):132-135.
[10] 杨欢,张永刚,魏开鹏,等.特低渗油藏表面活性剂改善水驱实验研究及应用[J].油气藏评价与开发,2014,4(4):53-57.
YANG Huan,ZHANG Yonggang,WEI Kaipeng,et al.Research and application of water flooding improvement by surface acting agent of ultra-low permeability reservoir[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2014,4(4):53-57.
[11] 邓学峰,张永刚,赵静.渭北油田特低渗油藏表面活性剂降压增注矿场试验与评价[J].钻采工艺,2016,39(1):103-106.
DENG Xuefeng,ZHANG Yonggang,ZHAO Jing.Test and evaluation of decompression and augmented injection by surfactant for ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs in Weibei Oilfield[J].Drilling & Production Technology,2016,39(1):103-106.
[12] KANG Wanli,ZHOU Bobo,ISSAKHOV Miras,et al.Advances in enhanced oil recovery technologies for low permeability reservoirs[J].Petroleum Science,2022,19(4):1622-1640.
[13] VLEDDER P,FONSECA J C,WELLS T,et al. Low salinity water flooding: proof of wettability alteration on a field wide scale[C]. SPE129264-MS, 2010:1-10.
[14] SECCOMBE J,LAGER A,JERAULD G,et al.Demonstration of low-salinity EOR at interwell scale,endicott field,Alaska[C].SPE129692,2010:1-9.
[15] 王杰祥,马涛,马文国,等.强碱三元体系对岩心渗透率的影响规律[J].油气地质与采收率,2020,27(3):79-84.
WANG Jiexiang,MA Tao,MA Wenguo,et al.Effect of strong-alkali ASP system on core permeability[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2020,27(3):79-84.
[16] XIA Hongqiang,FAN Xiyu,ZHANG Jianli,et al.Theoretical studies on the oligomerization of silicate species in basic solution[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2021,125(40):8827-8835.
[17] HA Ngoc Anh,HYANGSIG Ahn,HO Young Jo,et al.Effect of alkaline solutions on bentonite properties[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2017,76(10):1-10.
[18] 肖桂元,韦桐忠,江廷荟,等.重金属Cu²⁺污染作用下红黏土的膨胀变形特性[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2021,29(1):15-24.
XIAO Guiyuan,WEI Tongzhong,JIANG Tinghui,et al.Swelling deformation characteristics of red clay polluted by heavy metal copper ions[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2021,29(1):15-24.
[19] 王德民,程杰成,杨清彦.黏弹性聚合物溶液能够提高岩心的微观驱油效率[J].石油学报,2000,20(5):45-51.
WANG Demin,CHENG Jiecheng,YANG Qingyan.Viscous-elastic polymer can increase micro-scale displacement efficiency in cores[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,20(5):45-51.
[20] 陈业泉,曹绪龙,王得顺,等.胜利油区复合驱油体系研究及表面活性剂的作用[J].精细石油化工,2001,17(5):19-21.
CHEN Yequan,CAO Xulong,WANG Deshun,et al.Study on combination flooding system for Shengli Oilfield and the effects of surfactant application[J].Speciality Petrochemicals,2001,17(5):19-21.
[21] WYATT K,PITTS M J,SURKALO H.Mature waterfloods renew oil production by alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding[C].SPE78711,2002:1-5.
[22] VARGO J,TURNER J,VERGNANI B,et al.Alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding of the Cambridge Minnelusa Field[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering,2000,3(6):552-558.
[23] ZHAO Fenglan,MA Yunfei,HOU Jirui,et al.Feasibility and mechanism of compound flooding of high-temperature reservoirs using organic alkali[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2015,135:88-100.
[24] 张献平.乙醇胺提高延长稠油油藏聚/表二元驱采收率研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(14):170-174,180.
ZHANG Xianping.The study of organic alkali enhancing polymer/surfactant flooding oil recovery in heavy oil recovery[J].Science Technology and Engineering Science,2016,16(14):170-174,180.
[25] 朱友益,张翼,牛佳玲,等.无碱表面活性剂-聚合物复合驱技术研究进展[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):346-351.
ZHU Youyi,ZHANG Yi,NIU Jialing,et al.The progress in the alkali-free surfactant-polymer combination flooding technique[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):346-351.
[26] MA Ji,YAN Limin,CUI Zhenggang,et al.Synthesis of a new sulfobetaine surfactant with double long alkyl chains and its performances in surfactant-polymer flooding[J].Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology,2018,39(8):1185-1191.
[27] 李奕萱.无碱二元体系适应性评价[J].化学工程与装备,2019,52(2):150-152.
LI Yixuan.Evaluation on adaptability of alkaline-free binary systems[J].Chemical Engineering & Equipment,2019,52(2):150-152.
[28] 刘义坤,杨明,张世录,等.马20块复合驱油效果研究[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(7):164-167.
LIU Yikun,YANG Ming,ZHANG Shilu,et al.Research of composite oil displacement effect of M20[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(7):164-167.
[29] 孙焕泉.高温高盐油藏化学驱提高采收率技术发展与思考[J].石油科技论坛,2021,40(2):1-7.
SUN Huanquan.Development and opinions of chemical EOR technology for high-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs[J].Petroleum Science and Technology Forum,2021,40(2):1-7.
[30] 关丹,阙庭丽,曹强,等.环烷基石油磺酸钠胶束增溶及乳化携油作用分析及应用[J].油田化学,2021,38(1):95-100.
GUAN Dan,QUE Tingli,CAO Qiang,et al.Analysis and application of solubilization and emulsification of sodium naphthenic petroleum sulfonate micelle[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2021,38(1):95-100.
[31] 伍晓林.大庆油田复合驱用表面活性剂研究进展[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2019,38(5):183-188.
WU Xiaolin.Research progress in the surfactants for the complex flooding in Daqing Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2019,38(5):183-188.
[32] 陈琪,冉立君,陈钊,等.C₁₆格尔伯特醇聚氧烷烯醚硫酸盐的制备及其界面性能研究[J].日用化学工业(中英文),2022,52(10):1055-1061.
CHEN Qi,RAN Lijun,CHEN Zhao,et al.Study on the preparation of C₁₆ Guerbet alcohol polyoxyalkylene ether sulfate and its inter-facial properties[J].China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics(Chinese and English),2022,52(10):1055-1061.
[33] 张健.海上高含水油田非连续化学驱模式研究[J].中国海上油气,2023,35(1):70-77.
ZHANG Jian.Study on discontinuous chemical flooding model of offshore high water cut oilfield[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2023,35(1):70-77.
[34] 田苗,王涛,徐国瑞,等.纳米分散体驱油技术在渤海Q油田的研究与应用[J].非常规油气,2020,7(3):77-81.
TIAN Miao,WANG Tao,XU Guorui,et al.Research and application of nano-dispersion oil displacement technology in Bohai Q Oilfield[J].Unconventional Oil & Gas,2020,7(3):77-81.
[35] 杜春保,蔡雨秀,燕永利,等.新型化学驱油技术研究进展[J].现代化工,2022,42(6):35-39.
DU Chunbao,CAI Yuxiu,YAN Yongli,et al.Progress in new chemical flooding techniques[J].Modern Chemical Industry,2022,42(6):35-39.
[36] LEOPOLDINO R ,CARVALHO M ,SOUZA A,et al.A comparative study of emulsion flooding and other IOR methods for heavy oil fields[C].SPE152290,2012:1-7.
[37] 陈刚,王伟龙,朱锦艳,等.纳米驱油技术应用研究——以QSS-46井组为例[J].钻采工艺,2021,44(2):110-113.
CHEN Gang,WANG Weilong,ZHU Jinyan,et al.Research and application of nano flooding technology:taking QSS-46 Well Group as an example[J].Drilling & Production Technology,2021,44(2):110-113.
[38] 石静,曹绪龙,王红艳,等.胜利油田高温高盐稠油油藏复合驱技术[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(4):129-133.
SHI Jing,CAO Xulong,WANG Hongyan,et al.Combination flooding technology used in high-temperature,high-salinity heavy oil reservoirs of Shengli Oilfield[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(4):129-133.
[39] DIBAJI Atieh Sadat,RASHIDI Alimorad,BANIYAGHOOB Sahar,et al.Synthesizing CNT/MgO nanocomposite to form stable pickering emulsion at high temperature and salinity and its application to improved oil displacement efficiency[J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2022,186:599-609.
[40] YOU Qing,WEN Quanyi,FANG Jichao,et al.Experimental study on lateral flooding for enhanced oil recovery in bottom-water reservoir with high water cut[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,174:747-756.
[41] ZHOU Yazhou,YIN Daiyin,LI Yuanting,et al.A review of crude oil emulsification and multiphase flows in chemical flooding[J].Energy Science & Engineering,2022,11(4):1484-1500.
[42] MARIA Luiza de O Pereira,KELLY C B Maia,Walner C Silva,et al.Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as surfactant carriers for enhanced oil recovery and scale prevention[J].ACS Applied Nano Materials,2020,3(6):5762-5772.
[43] MARIBEL Franco-Aguirre,RICHARD D Zabala,SERGIO H Lopera,et al.Ca-DTPMP nanoparticles-based nanofluids for the inhibition and remediation of formation damage due to CaCO₃ scaling in tight gas-condensate reservoirs[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,169:636-645.
[44] SHEIKHI Amir,KAKKAR Ashok,van de VEN Theo G M.Biomimetic scale-resistant polymer nanocomposites:towards universal additive-free scale inhibition[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2018,6(22):10189-10195.
[45] 郝龙,侯吉瑞,梁拓,等.纳米流体提高采收率机理研究现状[J].特种油气藏,2024,31(3):1-10.
HAO Long,HOU JiRui,LIANG Tuo,et al.Research status on mechanism of enhanced oil recovery by nanofluids[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2024,31(3):1-10.
[46] WANG Y,HAN X,LI J,et al.Review on oil displacement technologies of enhanced oil recovery:state-of-the-art and outlook[J].Energy & Fuels,2023,37:2539-2568.
[47] RIVERO Mariano,GUTIÉRREZ Cacciabue Dolores,SANGUINO Jorquera Diego Gastón,et al.High throughput screening of the potential biosurfactants production by extremophiles isolated from vinasse and black liquor[J].Results in Engineering,2022,15:100587.
[48] MAHDI Khishvand,IMAN Oraki Kohshour,AMIR H Alizadeh,et al.A multi-scale experimental study of crude oil-brine-rock interactions and wettability alteration during low-salinity waterflooding[J].Fuel,2019,250:117-131.
[49] 张家良,魏朋朋,张会卿,等.基于孔裂隙储层弹性参数频散衰减机理的有限元数值模拟[J].非常规油气,2024,11(2):56-65.
ZHANG Jialiang,WEI Pengpeng,ZHANG Huiqing,et al.Finite element numerical simulation for dispersion and attenuation of elastic parameters in fractured porous reservoirs[J].Unconventional Oil & Gas,2024,11(2):56-65.
[50] 赵长虹,王丽,王攀,等.碳酰胺辅助SAGD提高超稠油Ⅲ类油藏采收率技术[J].特种油气藏,2022,29(4):107-113.
ZHAO Changhong,WANG Li,WANG Pan,et al.Carbamide-assisted SAGD technology for enhanced oil recovery of class Ⅲ super-heavy oil reservoirs[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2022,29(4):107-113.
[51] 吴钧,于晓红,王权,等.松辽盆地古龙页岩油勘探开发全息智能生态系统设计与开发[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2021,40(5):181-190.
WU Jun,YU Xiaohong,WANG Quan,et al.Design and development of holographic intelligent ecosystem for exploration and development of Gulong shale oil in Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2021,40(5):181-190.
[52] 李毓,卢祥国,李鸿儒,等. 基于底水仿真模型油藏化学驱后 CO₂吞吐增油效果:以大港油田底水油藏为例[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2022,41(5):101-111.
LI Yu,LU Xiangguo,LI Hongru,et al.Study on CO₂ huff and puff effect of increasing oil production after chemical flooding based on bottom water reservoir simulation model:take bottom water reservoir of Dagang Oilfield as an example[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2022,41(5):101-111.
[53] 胡俊卿. 大庆油田萨中化学驱注入井附近地带油层堵塞机理及解堵剂配方优化[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2023,42(2):116-122.
HU Junqing. Blocking mechanism and blockage removal agent formula for oil layer near chemical flooding injection wells in Sazhong Area of Daqing Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing,2023,42(2):116-122.
[54] 梁卫卫,党海龙,刘滨,等.特低渗透油藏注水诱导动态裂缝实验及数值模拟[J].石油实验地质,2023,45(3):566-575.
LIANG Weiwei,DANG Hailong,LIU Bin,et al.Experiment and numerical simulation of water injection induced dynamic fractures in ultra-low permeability reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2023,45(3):566-575.
[55] 刘明,杨瑞青,杨风丽,等.渝东南南川地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气层地应力数值模拟及有利区预测[J].石油实验地质,2023,45(6):1178-1188.
LIU Ming,YANG Ruiqing,YANG Fengli,et al.Numerical modeling of in-situ stress and prediction of favorable area of shale gas layer in Wufeng to Longmaxi Formations,Nanchuan Region,southeastern Chongqing[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2023,45(6):1178-1188.
[56] 赵小龙,王增林,赵益忠,等. 天然气水合物水平井降压开采多相渗流-传热-力学耦合数值模拟:方法和南海场地应用[J]. 天然气工业, 2022, 42(3): 138-149.
ZHAO Xiaolong,WANG Zenglin,ZHAO Yizhong,et al.Coupled thermal-hydrodynamic-mechanical numerical simulation of natural gas hydrate horizontal well depressurization production: method and application in South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2022, 42(3): 138-149.
[57] 谭晓华, 韩晓冰, 任利明, 等. 基于智能优化算法的复杂气藏水侵单元数值模拟新模型[J]. 天然气工业, 2023, 43(4): 127-136.
TAN Xiaohua, HAN Xiaobing, REN Liming, et al.A new numerical simulation model of water invasion unit in complex gas reservoirs based on intelligent optimization algorithm[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2023,43(4):127-136.