电极结构对高压电脉冲破岩机理的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.03.015

特种油气藏 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 126-132.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.03.015

电极结构对高压电脉冲破岩机理的影响

祝效华, 刘伟吉, 张有建

西南石油大学机电工程学院,四川成都 610500

收稿日期:2024-07-23 修回日期:2025-02-10 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-08
作者简介:祝效华(1978—),男,教授,博士生导师,1996年毕业于西南石油学院机械设计制造及自动化专业,2005年毕业于西南石油大学机械工程专业,获博士学位,现主要从事管柱力学和钻井提速等方面的教学与研究工作。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“电脉冲-机械复合破岩提速机理研究”(52034006);国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金“钻井提速理论与方法”(52225401);四川省自然科学基金“深部难钻地层高温热致裂辅助钻头破岩提速机理研究”(2023NSFSC0431)

Effect of electrode structure on high-voltage electric pulse rock fragmentation mechanism

ZHU Xiaohua, LIU Weiji, ZHANG Youjian

School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500,China

Received:2024-07-23 Revised:2025-02-10 Online:2025-06-25 Published:2025-07-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 石油钻井过程中,硬岩破碎的成本、环保及效率问题亟待解决。高压电脉冲钻井技术以其破岩高效性、绿色环保性、钻具磨损低及时间成本低等优势而成为目前新型钻井技术的研究热点。为进一步推动高压电脉冲破碎非均质硬岩机理研究,利用Particle Flow Code (PFC)软件及泰森多边形建立了不同非均质性指数的硬岩模型、单对电极破碎非均质硬岩的多物理场耦合二维电击穿数值模型,开展了电极结构、脉冲放电电压和岩石非均质性对高压电脉冲破碎非均质硬岩机理的影响研究。研究表明:等离子通道的发展倾向于在局部介电强度薄弱处萌生,最终引导等离子通道的放电轨迹,与岩石本身的非均质性密不可分;电极端部会产生尖端放电作用,该处产生电场的局部集中强化作用可大大提高破岩效果,但其对等离子体通道的生长轨迹影响较小;硬岩的非均质性指数越大,在高压电脉冲作用下越易发生电击穿,硬岩的破碎程度与穿透深度都显著提高;脉冲放电电压值越大,电损伤越易向硬岩深处累积发展,越有利于破碎硬岩。该研究结果可为深部地层中复杂井况下的电脉冲破岩技术应用提供理论和技术支持。

关键词: 高压电脉冲, 非均质硬岩, 等离子体通道, 电击穿

Abstract: In oil drilling operations, the challenges of cost, environmental protection, and efficiency in hard rock fragmentation urgently need to be addressed. High-voltage electric pulse drilling, with its high efficiency, eco-friendliness, low tool wear, and time-cost advantages in rock fragmentation, has become a research hotspot. To advance the understanding of the mechanism of high-voltage electric pulse fragmentation of heterogeneous hard rock, models of hard rock with different heterogeneity indices were developed using Particle Flow Code (PFC) software and Voronoi diagram. Additionally, a 2D electro-breakdown numerical model for single-pair electrodes fragmenting heterogeneous hard rock was established. The study focused on the effects of electrode structure, pulse discharge voltage, and rock heterogeneity on the high-voltage electric pulse heterogeneous rock fragmentation mechanism. The study shows that the plasma channel tends to initiate at local dielectric weak points, guiding its discharge path, closely related to the rock′s heterogeneity. The electrode tip′s discharge enhances the local electric field, improving rock fragmentation effect but minimally affecting plasma channel growth. Greater heterogeneity indices make hard rock more prone to electro-breakdown, significantly increasing fragmentation and penetration depth. Higher pulse discharge voltages promote deeper electric damage accumulation, favoring hard rock fragmentation. The study offers theoretical and technical support for applying electric pulse rock fragmentation in complex deep-formation well conditions.

Key words: high-voltage electric pulse, heterogeneous hard rock, plasma channel, electric breakdown

中图分类号:

TE928

祝效华, 刘伟吉, 张有建. 电极结构对高压电脉冲破岩机理的影响[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025, 32(3): 126-132.

ZHU Xiaohua, LIU Weiji, ZHANG Youjian. Effect of electrode structure on high-voltage electric pulse rock fragmentation mechanism[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2025, 32(3): 126-132.

参考文献

[1] 祝效华,刘伟吉.旋冲钻井技术的破岩及提速机理[J].石油学报,2018,39(2):216-222.
ZHU Xiaohua,LIU Weiji.Rock breaking and ROP rising mechanism of rotary-percussive drilling technology[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(2):216-222.
[2] 张晴,任重阳,张然舜,等.基于文献计量特征的我国深层页岩研究进展及趋势(2012—2022)[J].非常规油气,2023,10(1):21-26.
ZHANG Qing,REN Zhongyang,ZHANG Ranshun,et al.Progress and trends of China′s deep shale gas research based on bibliometric analysis(2012-2022)[J].Unconventional Oil & Gas,2023,10(1):21-26.
[3] 刘兵.2014—2015年海外油田工程技术服务市场分析[J].国际石油经济,2015,23(9):42-49.
LIU Bing.The oilfield engineering services market abroad in 2014-2015[J].International Petroleum Economics,2015,23(9):42-49.
[4] 光新军.井下电脉冲辅助破岩钻井技术[J].石油钻探技术,2018,46(2):126.
GUANG Xinjun.Downhole electric pulse-assisted rock-breaking drilling technology[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2018,46(2):126.
[5] HU Wenrui,BAO Jingwei,HU Bin.Trend and progress in global oil and gas exploration[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(4):439-443.
[6] 闫光庆,张金成.中国石化超深井钻井技术现状与发展建议[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(2):1-6.
YAN Guangqing,ZHANG Jincheng.Status and proposal of the Sinopec ultra-deep drilling technology[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(2):1-6.
[7] 高德利.石油钻井的学科特点与技术展望[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2003,47(增刊):8-12.
GAO Deli.Prospect of technology and subject specialty of petroleum drilling[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2003,47(S):8-12.
[8] VAZHOV V F,GAFAROV R R,DATSKEVICH S Y,et al.Breakage of rocks by pulsed electric discharge at elevated pressures and temperatures[J].Technical Physics Letters,2011,37(4):383-386.
[9] VAZHOV V F,DATSKVICH S Y,ZHURKOV M Y,et al.Electric pulse breakdown and rock fracture in a coupled environment of increased pressure and temperature[J].Journal of Physics Conference Series,2014,552:012050.
[10] VAZHOV V F,ZHURKOV M Y,LOPATIN V V,et al.Electric-discharge cutting of rocks[J].Journal of Mining Science,2008,44(2):176-182.
[11] INOUE H,LISITSYN I V,AKIYAMA H,et al.Drilling of hard rocks by pulsed power[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2000,16(3):19-25.
[12] ITO M,OWADA S,NISHIMURA T,et al.Experimental study of coal liberation:electrical disintegration versus roll-crusher comminution[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2009,92(1/2):7-14.
[13] WANG E,SHI F,MANLAPIG E.Experimental and numerical studies of selective fragmentation of mineral ores in electrical comminution[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,2012,112/113:30-36.
[14] CHO S H,CHEONG S S,YOKOTA M,et al.The Dynamic fracture process in rocks under high-voltage pulse fragmentation[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(10):723-735.
[15] CHO S H,KANEKO K.Influence of the applied pressure waveform on the dynamic fracture processes in rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(5):771-784.
[16] ANDRES U,Timoshkin I,Jirestig J,et al.Liberation of valuable inclusions in ores and slags by electrical pulses[J].Powder Technology,2001,114(1-3):40-50.
[17] ANDRES U.Electrical disintegration of rock[J].Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review,1995,14(2):87-110.
[18] CHO S H,YOKOTA M,KUBOTA S,et al.Dynamic fragmentation of rock by high-voltage pulses[J].American Rock Mechanics Association,2006,AMAR(6):1118.
[19] EL-ZEIN A,TALAAT M,EI-Bahy M M.A numerical model of electrical tree growth in solid insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics & Electrical Insulation,2009,16(6):1724-1734.
[20] ZHU Xiaohua,CHEN Mengqiu,LIU Weiji,et al.The fragmentation mechanism of heterogeneous granite by high-voltage electrical pulses[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2022,55(7):4351-4372.
[21] ZHU Xiaohua,LUO Yunxu,LIU Weiji.On the rock-breaking mechanism of plasma channel drilling technology[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2020,194:107356.
[22] ZHU Xiaohua,LUO Yunxu,LIU Weiji,et al.On the mechanism of high-voltage pulsed fragmentation from electrical breakdown process[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2021,54(9):4593-4616.
[23] 祝效华,罗云旭,刘伟吉,等.等离子体电脉冲钻井破岩机理的电击穿实验与数值模拟方法[J].石油学报,2020,41(9):1146-1162.
ZHU Xiaohua,LUO Yunxu,LIU Weiji,et al.Electrical breakdown experiment and numerical simulation method of rock-breaking mechanism of plasma electric pulse drilling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2020,41(9):1146-1162.

电极结构对高压电脉冲破岩机理的影响

Effect of electrode structure on high-voltage electric pulse rock fragmentation mechanism

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价