乌夏地区二叠系、三叠系原油地球化学特征及差异性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 乌夏断裂带是准噶尔盆地西北缘重要的控藏断裂,油气赋存于二叠系、三叠系等层系,原油性质复杂。针对二叠系与三叠系原油显著的组分差异,基于原油物理性质、全油族组成、饱和烃及生物标志物分析,对2套原油的特征进行了系统地评价与对比。研究发现:2套原油均为成熟轻质油,物理性质相似,但在地球化学特征上存在显著差异。二叠系原油富含β-胡萝卜烷和伽马蜡烷,指示藻类母质源自强还原、高盐度湖泊环境;三叠系原油生物标志物显示以藻类为主、混有高等植物的混合母质,形成于弱还原—氧化湖泊环境。油源对比证实,二叠系油藏主要接受二叠系风城组供烃,三叠系油藏为风城组与乌尔禾组混源产物。该认识阐明了乌夏断裂带不同层系油藏的成因差异,为该区域后续油源追踪、精细勘探及有利目标优选提供了重要地球化学依据。

关键词: 生物标志化合物, 原油成因, 油源对比, 乌夏断裂带, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract: The Wuxia fault zone is an important reservoir-controlling fault in the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin.Its oil and gas reservoirs occur in strata such as the Permian and Triassic and the crude oil properties are complex.Aiming at the significant compositional differences between Permian and Triassic crude oils,the characteristics of the two sets of crude oils were systematically evaluated and compared based on the analysis of physical properties,whole oil group composition,saturated hydrocarbons and biomarkers of the crude oils.Research findings indicate that both sets of crude oils belong to mature light oil and have similar physical properties,but exhibit significant differences in geochemical characteristics.Permian crude oil is rich in β-carotane and gammacerane,indicating algal organic matter originating from a strongly reducing,high-salinity lacustrine environment;biomarkers of Triassic crude oil show mixed organic matter dominated by algae with higher plants,formed in a weakly reducing-oxidizing lacustrine environment.Oil-source correlation confirmed that Permian oil reservoirs mainly received hydrocarbon supply from the Permian Fengcheng Formation,while Triassic oil reservoirs are a mixed-source product of the Fengcheng and Urho Formations.This understanding clarifies the genetic differences of oil reservoirs in different strata of the Wuxia fault zone and provides an important geochemical basis for subsequent oil-source tracing,refined exploration,and favorable target optimization in this area.

Key words: biomarker compounds, crude oil origin, oil-source correlation, Wuxia fault zone, Junggar Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.1

吕其军, 程林松, 杨果, 余文虎, 贾英杰, 刘军, 陈朕. 乌夏地区二叠系、三叠系原油地球化学特征及差异性分析[J]. 特种油气藏, 2024, 32(5): 58-65.

LYU Qijun, CHENG Linsong, YANG Guo, YU Wenhu, JIA Yingjie, LIU Jun, CHEN Zhen. Geochemical characteristics and differences of Permian and Triassic crude oils in the Wuxia Area[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2024, 32(5): 58-65.

参考文献

[1] 王绪龙,唐勇,陈中红,等.新疆北部石炭纪岩相古地理[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):571-579.
WANG Xulong,TANG Yong,CHEN Zhonghong,et al.Carboniferous lithofacies paleogeography in the north of Xinjiang[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(4):571-579.
[2] 蒋文龙,阿布力米提·依明,卞保力,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘风城组烃源岩热演化生物标志化合物变化及意义[J].新疆石油地质,2022,43(6):684-692.
JIANG Wenlong,ABLIMIT Yiming,BIAN Baoli,et al.Changes and significance of biomarkers in thermal evolution of Fengcheng Formation source rocks in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2022,43(6):684-692.
[3] 蒋助生.克拉玛依原油中的类胡萝卜烷及其地球化学特征[J].石油与天然气地质,1983,4(2):151-159.
JIANG Zhusheng.Carotanes in Karamay crude oil and their geochemical signatures[J].Oil & Gas Geology,1983,4(2):151-159.
[4] 陈建平,王绪龙,邓春萍,等.准噶尔盆地油气源、油气分布与油气系统[J].地质学报,2016,90(3):421-450.
CHEN Jianping,WANG Xulong,DENG Chunping,et al.Oil and gas source,occurrence and petroleum system in the Junggar Basin,northwest China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(3):421-450.
[5] 雷德文,陈刚强,刘海磊,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷大油(气)区形成条件与勘探方向研究[J].地质学报,2017,91(7):1604-1619.
LEI Dewen,CHEN Gangqiang,LIU Hailei,et al.Study on the forming conditions and exploration fields of the Mahu Giant Oil(Gas)Province,Junggar Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(7):1604-1619.
[6] 倪振,刘荷冲,王贵文,等.准噶尔盆地乌夏断裂带二叠系油气勘探现状及潜力[J].内蒙古石油化工,2016,42(10):151-153.
NI Zhen,LIU Hechong,WANG Guiwen,et al.Petroleum exploration status and Potential of Permian in Wuxia fault belt of the Northwest Margin,Junggar Basin[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2016,42(10):151-153.
[7] 唐勇,宋永,郭旭光,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷源上致密砾岩油富集的主控因素[J].石油学报,2022,43(2):192-206.
TANG Yong,SONG Yong,GUO Xuguang,et al.Main controlling factors of tight conglomerate oil enrichment above source kitchen in Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2022,43(2):192-206.
[8] 匡立春,支东明,王小军,等.准噶尔盆地上二叠统上乌尔禾组大面积岩性-地层油气藏形成条件及勘探方向[J].石油学报,2022,43(3):325-340.
KUANG Lichun,ZHI Dongming,WANG Xiaojun,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration directions of large-scale lithologic-stratigraphic oil and gas reservoirs in Upper Wuerhe Formation of Upper Permian in Junggar Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2022,43(3):325-340.
[9] 陈刚强,张磊,王东勇,等.准噶尔盆地乌尔禾地区稀油-稠油-油砂-沥青立体成藏(成矿)模式[J].石油学报,2023,44(7):1072-1084.
CHEN Gangqiang,ZHANG Lei,WANG Dongyong,et al.A stereo model of accumulation from normal oil to heavy oil to oil sand to bitumen in Wuerhe Area,Junggar Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2023,44(7):1072-1084.
[10] 曹剑,雷德文,李玉文,等.古老碱湖优质烃源岩:准噶尔盆地下二叠统风城组[J].石油学报,2015,36(7):781-790.
CAO Jian,LEI Dewen,LI Yuwen,et al.Ancient high-quality alkaline lacustrine source rocks:discovered in the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation,Junggar Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(7):781-790.
[11] 志杰,袁选俊,汪梦诗,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组碱湖沉积特征与古环境演化[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(6):972-984.
ZHI Jie,YUAN Xuanjun,WANG Mengshi,et al.Alkaline-lacustrine deposition and Paleoenvironmental evolution in Permian Fengcheng Formation at the Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(6):972-984.
[12] 王东勇,邹贤利,李美俊,等.准噶尔盆地乌尔禾地区二叠系风城组碱湖烃源岩中C₃₀—C₃₂羊毛甾烷的检测及其地球化学意义[J].地球化学,2021,50(6):591-601.
WANG Dongyong,ZOU Xianli,LI Meijun,et al.The detection and geochemical significance of C₃₀-C₃₂ Lanostane from Permian alkaline source rocks in the Fengcheng Formation,Urho,Junggar Basin[J].Geochimica,2021,50(6):591-601.
[13] 唐勇,王智强,庞燕青,等.准噶尔盆地西部坳陷二叠系下乌尔禾组烃源岩生烃潜力评价[J].岩性油气藏,2023,35(4):16-28.
TANG Yong,WANG Zhiqiang,PANG Yanqing,et al.Hydrocarbon-generating potential of source rocks of Permian lower Urho Formation in western depression,Junggar Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2023,35(4):16-28.
[14] 何登发,张磊,吴松涛,等.准噶尔盆地构造演化阶段及其特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(5):845-861.
HE Dengfa,ZHANG Lei,WU Songtao,et al.Tectonic evolution stages and features of the Junggar Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2018,39(5):845-861.
[15] 郑孟林,樊向东,何文军,等.准噶尔盆地深层地质结构叠加演变与油气赋存[J].地学前缘,2019,26(1):22-32.
ZHENG Menglin,FAN Xiangdong,HE Wenjun,et al.Superposition of deep geological structural evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in the Junggar Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2019,26(1):22-32.
[16] 王普凡,吴亮亮,方新焰,等.原油热解新生成正构烷烃组分的摩尔浓度演化规律及地质意义探讨[J/OL].地球化学,2025:[2025-05-22].https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6WbqZcVy3riHyqnkbtqzPNU8kSNXgO6iWu3PEnJCE23NTZg4B3my4ZiARV5NdvWLfB9MFktd4xuLctdL5YnLdoOCXlHINaMEAsQkYmTk1MBEAiYN49nxzMizyNohJMB0O-famvFBKaXnSb9NqiJruQA8toeonkKjlSR7h7A3Ny1lCG6Etw09sA==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS.
WANG Pufan,WU Liangliang,FANG Xinyan,et al.Evolution patterns of molar concentrations in newly generated n-Alkanes from crude oil pyrolysis and their geological implications[J/OL].Geochimica,2025:[2025-05-22].https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6WbqZcVy3riHyqnkbtqzPNU8kSNXgO6iWu3PEnJCE23NTZg4B3my4ZiARV5NdvWLfB9MFktd4xuLctdL5YnLdoOCXlHINaMEAsQkYmTk1MBEAiYN49nxzMizyNohJMB0O-famvFBKaXnSb9NqiJruQA8toeonkKjlSR7h7A3Ny1lCG6Etw09sA==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS.
[17] 昝灵,柴方园,印燕铃.溱潼凹陷斜坡带原油物性和地化特征及成因[J].沉积学报,2021,39(5):1068-1077.
ZAN Ling,CHAI Fangyuan,YIN Yanling.Physical properties,geochemical characteristics and origins of crude oils in the Qintong Sag Slope[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2021,39(5):1068-1077.
[18] 闫浩霖,庞雄奇,胡林,等.珠江口盆地顺德凹陷北部古近系文昌组烃源岩地球化学特征及油源对比[J/OL].天然气地球科学,2025:[2025-05-22].https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6WbqZcVy3rgBw2suVzp1HXiKYP4vX8UYyYEdpzMEjvNLNOhFmfkM21nIBYRr27MLwNBT5KKtzyJLpjsAEvdvFhWmDCgGt7OOIhlQ91QeP_TIF7ehiVV6tdXqBE1SOGiPtjOdtQGyVpbQLcP9g29UQG9VscO4ZjUJvzZltJ-IMp-OYpsfoaPRGg==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS.
YAN Haolin,PANG Xiongqi,HU Lin,et al.Geochemical characteristics and oil-source correlation of Paleogene Wenchang Formation source rocks in northern Shunde Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J/OL].Natural Gas Geoscience,2025:[2025-05-22].https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6WbqZcVy3rgBw2suVzp1HXiKYP4vX8UYyYEdpzMEjvNLNOhFmfkM21nIBYRr27MLwNBT5KKtzyJLpjsAEvdvFhWmDCgGt7OOIhlQ91QeP_TIF7ehiVV6tdXqBE1SOGiPtjOdtQGyVpbQLcP9g29UQG9VscO4ZjUJvzZltJ-IMp-OYpsfoaPRGg==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS.
[19] 王东勇,陈践发,李美俊,等.玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组碱湖沉积物中甾类化合物分布:古环境及生源意义[J/OL].古地理学报,2025:[2025-05-22].https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6WbqZcVy3rhYm3QveknNs61Sfuxqzy1-HgEsMIZAgo2KUR1GjhMEhBNNNdfrCySQNf7A-gkbg6Y6E-BlX8JdV97BnsQTkhVq7O0fiKQvIymmJTFChsiOXSoN64U27Yegdp835xx_e9HZC1FfApJRuolMxC3iWidJzzVvcBj4V1BN3zLBae-ozw==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS.
WANG Dongyong,CHEN Jianfa,LI Meijun,et al.Distribution of steroids in Alkaline Lake Sediments of the Permian Fengcheng Formation,Mahu Sag:paleoenvironmental and biological significance[J/OL].Journal of Palaeogeography,2025:[2025-05-22].https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=6WbqZcVy3rhYm3QveknNs61Sfuxqzy1-HgEsMIZAgo2KUR1GjhMEhBNNNdfrCySQNf7A-gkbg6Y6E-BlX8JdV97BnsQTkhVq7O0fiKQvIymmJTFChsiOXSoN64U27Yegdp835xx_e9HZC1FfApJRuolMxC3iWidJzzVvcBj4V1BN3zLBae-ozw==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS.
[20] 段毅,于文修,郑朝阳,等.塔里木盆地塔河油田原油与源岩对比研究[J].沉积学报,2009,27(1):164-171.
DUAN Yi,YU Wenxiu,ZHENG Chaoyang,et al.Study of oil-source correlation for Tahe Oilfield of Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(1):164-171.
[21] 符印,王作栋,张婷,等.烃源岩中类胡萝卜烷系列化合物的检出及其地质意义——以三塘湖盆地马芦1井芦草沟组为例[J].沉积学报,2024,42(3):1092-1106.
FU Yin,WANG Zuodong,ZHANG Ting,et al.Detection and geological significance of carotenoid-derived alkanes in the source rocks:a case of Well Malu 1,Lucaogou Formation,Santanghu Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2024,42(3):1092-1106.
[22] 谢媛,张华.准噶尔盆地玛页1井风城组生物标志化合物及其对古环境和生烃生物的指示[J].地球化学,2024,53(3):370-385.
XIE Yuan,ZHANG Hua.Lipid biomarkers of the Fengcheng Formation from the Maye 1 borehole in the Junggar Basin and its indication of paleoenvironment and hydrocarbon-generating organisms[J].Geochimica,2024,53(3):370-385.
[23] 包建平,朱翠山,杨茜,等.原油中C_19—49长链三环萜烷系列及其地球化学意义——以柴达木盆地西部英西地区原油为例[J].沉积学报,2024,42(5):1765-1783.
BAO Jianping,ZHU Cuishan,YANG Qian,et al.C_19-49 extended tricyclic terpanes and their geochemical significance in crude oils:a case of crude oils from the Yingxi Area in the western Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2024,42(5):1765-1783.
[24] 肖洪,李美俊,杨哲,等.不同环境烃源岩和原油中C₁₉—C₂₃三环萜烷的分布特征及地球化学意义[J].地球化学,2019,48(2):161-170.
XIAO Hong,LI Meijun,YANG Zhe,et al.Distribution patterns and geochemical implications of C₁₉-C₂₃ tricyclic terpanes in source rocks and crude oils occurring in various depositional environments[J].Geochimica,2019,48(2):161-170.
[25] 李二庭,陈俊,于双,等.生物降解稠油中沥青质热模拟实验[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(5):580-585.
LI Erting,CHEN Jun,YU Shuang,et al.Thermal simulation experiment on asphaltene in biodegraded heavy oil[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(5):580-585.
[26] 孙丽娜,张中宁,吴远东,等.生物标志化合物热成熟度参数演化规律及意义——以Ⅲ型烃源岩HTHP生排烃热模拟液态烃产物为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(4):573-580.
SUN Lina,ZHANG Zhongning,WU Yuandong,et al.Evolution patterns and their significances of biomarker maturity parameters-a case study on liquid hydrocarbons from type Ⅲ source rock under HTHP hydrous pyrolysis[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2015,36(4):573-580.
[27] 王炳凯,冯乔,田方正,等.新疆准噶尔盆地南缘二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征及意义[J].地质通报,2017,36(增刊1):304-313.
WANG Bingkai,FENG Qiao,TIAN Fangzheng,et al.The characteristics and significance of biomarker compounds in the Permian Lucaogou Formation hydrocarbon source rock on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2017,36(S1):304-313.