页岩微裂缝表征与预测技术发展现状及趋势

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2026.03.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 页岩储层中微裂缝的发育特征直接控制着油气的渗流能力与压裂改造效果,是实现页岩油气经济高效开发的关键地质因素。然而,微裂缝系统具有尺度跨度大、空间分布强非均质、识别精度低等特点,其精确表征与预测一直是页岩油气地质研究的核心挑战。针对该问题,系统梳理了野外露头观察、岩心与铸体薄片分析、测井识别、气体吸附与高压压汞、电镜扫描等微裂缝表征方法的发展现状,总结了等效连续介质、离散裂缝网络与混合模型等裂缝预测方法的理论进展,并提出页岩微裂缝表征技术的发展趋势。研究表明:多技术融合与多尺度协同表征是提升页岩微裂缝识别精度的有效途径;未来应构建连续完整的孔隙-裂缝评价体系,优化压裂液与支撑剂组合,实现从微观裂缝到宏观缝网的有效支撑与全尺度预测,推动页岩油气勘探开发向智能化、精准化方向发展。该研究可为页岩储层微裂缝表征与压裂改造提供理论参考。

关键词: 页岩, 微裂缝, 裂缝预测, 综述

Abstract: The development characteristics of microfractures in shale reservoirs directly control hydrocarbon seepage capacity and the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation,and thus constitute a key geological factor for the economical and efficient development of shale oil and gas.However,microfracture systems are characterized by large-scale spans,strong spatial heterogeneity and low identification accuracy,so their precise characterization and prediction have long remained core challenges in shale oil and gas geology.In response to the problem,this study systematically reviews the current status of microfracture characterization methods,including field outcrop observation,core and cast thin-section analysis,well-log identification,gas adsorption and high-pressure mercury intrusion,and electron microscopy.It also summarizes the theoretical progress in fracture prediction methods,such as equivalent continuum models,discrete fracture network models and hybrid models,and discusses development trends in shale microfracture characterization technology.The study shows that the integration of multiple techniques and coordinated multiscale characterization is an effective way to improve the recognition accuracy of shale microfractures.In the future,a continuous and complete pore-fracture evaluation system should be established,and the combinations of fracturing fluids and proppants should be optimized so as to achieve effective support and full-scale prediction from microscopic fractures to macroscopic fracture networks,thereby promoting the intelligent and precise development of shale oil and gas exploration and exploitation.This study provides a theoretical reference for microfracture characterization and hydraulic fracturing stimulation of shale reservoirs.

Key words: shale, microfracture, fracture prediction, review

中图分类号:

P618

朱崇利, 李亭, 刘兵, 杨波, 耿力奇. 页岩微裂缝表征与预测技术发展现状及趋势[J]. 特种油气藏, 2026, 33(3): 1-12.

ZHU Chongli, LI Ting, LIU Bing, YANG Bo, GENG Liqi. Current status and trends in shale microfracture characterization and prediction technologies[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2026, 33(3): 1-12.

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