稠油原位改质供氢剂研究进展

李晶晶; 汪飘扬; 杨志; 唐晓东; 杨福祥; 曹成龙

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.06.002

特种油气藏 >

2025 , Vol. 32 >Issue 6: 14 - 21

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.06.002

综述

稠油原位改质供氢剂研究进展

李晶晶 ,
汪飘扬 ,
杨志 ,
唐晓东 ,
杨福祥 ,
曹成龙

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1.西南石油大学化学化工学院,四川成都 610599;
2.西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室,四川成都 610500

李晶晶(1982—)女,教授,博士生导师,2007年毕业于西南石油大学化学工程与技术专业,2011年毕业于四川大学化学工艺专业,获博士学位,现从事稠油化学采油提高采收率方面的研究工作。

收稿日期: 2024-08-14

修回日期: 2025-08-29

网络出版日期: 2025-12-31

基金资助

国家自然科学基金企业联合创新重点资助项目“多元供氢体系协同纳米催化剂原位定向裂解重油强化开采机理与方法研究”(U22B20145)

收起

Research progress on hydrogen donors for in-situ heavy oil upgrading

LI Jingjing ,
WANG Piaoyang ,
YANG Zhi ,
TANG Xiaodong ,
YANG Fuxiang ,
CAO Chenglong

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1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610599,China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China

Received date: 2024-08-14

Revised date: 2025-08-29

Online published: 2025-12-31

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摘要

稠油原位改质是降低稠油黏度、提高油品品质的高效开发技术之一。在该技术体系中,除了研发高效催化剂外,开发供氢能力强、储量丰富、价格合理且环境友好的工业供氢剂也是关键研究方向。该文通过对国内外无机、有机及生物质等新型供氢剂的作用机理与应用进展进行调研,评价了各供氢剂在稠油原位改质技术中的适用条件。结果表明:稠油注蒸汽开发的亚临界水环境中,稠油中含脂肪族氢或活性C-H键,可通过与水发生水煤气转化反应释放氢源,但受限于加热温度,供氢能力有限。烷烃、烷基芳烃、馏分油等作为有机供氢剂虽然效果更好但成本高,无法用于稠油开发。相比之下,生物质类供氢剂(如来源于绿色植物和藻类)因其原料来源广泛,并具有碳减排潜力,具有更显著的应用优势;利用可再生生物质内源氢作为供氢剂,有望成为未来强化稠油改质技术的重要方向之一。该研究对推动稠油绿色低碳开发、降低碳排放、提升油气田开发效益具有重要意义。

关键词： 供氢剂; 稠油; 原位改质; 生物质; 催化剂

本文引用格式

李晶晶 , 汪飘扬 , 杨志 , 唐晓东 , 杨福祥 , 曹成龙 . 稠油原位改质供氢剂研究进展[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025 , 32(6) : 14 -21 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.06.002

Abstract

In-situ heavy oil upgrading is one of the efficient development techniques for reducing heavy oil viscosity and improving oil quality.In this framework,a key research direction is to develop industrial hydrogen donors with strong hydrogen-supplying capability,abundant availability,reasonable prices and environmental friendliness, in addition to developing efficient catalysts.Investigation was conducted on the mechanisms and application progress of novel hydrogen donors-including inorganic, organic, biomass-based sources-used both at home and abroad,and assessment was made on the applicable conditions of each hydrogen donor in in-situ heavy oil upgrading.The results indicated that in the subcritical water conditions of steam-injected heavy oil recovery,heavy oil molecules containing aliphatic hydrogen or active C-H bonds could release hydrogen through water-gas shift reactions with water;however,due to limited operating temperatures,the hydrogen-supplying capacity remained constrained.Alkanes,alkyl aromatics,and distillates,although effective as organic hydrogen donors, were costly and thus impractical for heavy oil recovery.In contrast,biomass-derived hydrogen donors(e.g.from plants and algae)had more obvious applicable advantages due to their abundant raw materials and carbon-reduction potential.Using the intrinsic hydrogen in renewable biomass as a donor is expected to be an important direction for enhancing future heavy oil upgrading technologies.This study has important implications for promoting green,low-carbon heavy oil development,reducing carbon emissions,and improving oilfield development efficiency.

Key words： hydrogen donor; heavy oil; in-situ upgrading; biomass; catalyst

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