稠油原位改质供氢剂研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2025.06.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 稠油原位改质是降低稠油黏度、提高油品品质的高效开发技术之一。在该技术体系中,除了研发高效催化剂外,开发供氢能力强、储量丰富、价格合理且环境友好的工业供氢剂也是关键研究方向。该文通过对国内外无机、有机及生物质等新型供氢剂的作用机理与应用进展进行调研,评价了各供氢剂在稠油原位改质技术中的适用条件。结果表明:稠油注蒸汽开发的亚临界水环境中,稠油中含脂肪族氢或活性C-H键,可通过与水发生水煤气转化反应释放氢源,但受限于加热温度,供氢能力有限。烷烃、烷基芳烃、馏分油等作为有机供氢剂虽然效果更好但成本高,无法用于稠油开发。相比之下,生物质类供氢剂(如来源于绿色植物和藻类)因其原料来源广泛,并具有碳减排潜力,具有更显著的应用优势;利用可再生生物质内源氢作为供氢剂,有望成为未来强化稠油改质技术的重要方向之一。该研究对推动稠油绿色低碳开发、降低碳排放、提升油气田开发效益具有重要意义。

关键词: 供氢剂, 稠油, 原位改质, 生物质, 催化剂

Abstract: In-situ heavy oil upgrading is one of the efficient development techniques for reducing heavy oil viscosity and improving oil quality.In this framework,a key research direction is to develop industrial hydrogen donors with strong hydrogen-supplying capability,abundant availability,reasonable prices and environmental friendliness, in addition to developing efficient catalysts.Investigation was conducted on the mechanisms and application progress of novel hydrogen donors-including inorganic, organic, biomass-based sources-used both at home and abroad,and assessment was made on the applicable conditions of each hydrogen donor in in-situ heavy oil upgrading.The results indicated that in the subcritical water conditions of steam-injected heavy oil recovery,heavy oil molecules containing aliphatic hydrogen or active C-H bonds could release hydrogen through water-gas shift reactions with water;however,due to limited operating temperatures,the hydrogen-supplying capacity remained constrained.Alkanes,alkyl aromatics,and distillates,although effective as organic hydrogen donors, were costly and thus impractical for heavy oil recovery.In contrast,biomass-derived hydrogen donors(e.g.from plants and algae)had more obvious applicable advantages due to their abundant raw materials and carbon-reduction potential.Using the intrinsic hydrogen in renewable biomass as a donor is expected to be an important direction for enhancing future heavy oil upgrading technologies.This study has important implications for promoting green,low-carbon heavy oil development,reducing carbon emissions,and improving oilfield development efficiency.

Key words: hydrogen donor, heavy oil, in-situ upgrading, biomass, catalyst

中图分类号:

TE357

李晶晶, 汪飘扬, 杨志, 唐晓东, 杨福祥, 曹成龙. 稠油原位改质供氢剂研究进展[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025, 32(6): 14-21.

LI Jingjing, WANG Piaoyang, YANG Zhi, TANG Xiaodong, YANG Fuxiang, CAO Chenglong. Research progress on hydrogen donors for in-situ heavy oil upgrading[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2025, 32(6): 14-21.

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