黔西地区龙潭组煤系致密砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征及成因

黄正鑫; 张晓丽; 杨兆彪; 何金先; 吴蒙; 曹文杰; 李聚豪

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2026.02.005

特种油气藏 >

2026 , Vol. 33 >Issue 2: 44 - 53

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2026.02.005

地质勘探

黔西地区龙潭组煤系致密砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征及成因

黄正鑫 ,
张晓丽 ,
杨兆彪 ,
何金先 ,
吴蒙 ,
曹文杰 ,
李聚豪

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1.中国矿业大学煤层气资源与成藏过程教育部重点实验室,江苏徐州 221116;
2.中国矿业大学,江苏徐州 221116;
3.江苏地质矿产设计研究院(中国煤炭地质总局检测中心),江苏徐州 221006

黄正鑫(2000—),男,2018年毕业于湖南科技大学勘查技术与工程专业,现为中国矿业大学矿产普查与勘探专业在读硕士研究生,主要从事煤系气地质方面工作。

收稿日期: 2025-02-13

修回日期: 2026-01-15

网络出版日期: 2026-07-30

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目课题“多尺度多场条件下煤系战略性金属矿产的地球物理响应与设备研发”(2021YFC2902003)

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Microscopic pore structure characteristics and genesis of coal-measure tight sandstone reservoirs in Longtan Formation of Qianxi Area

HUANG Zhengxin ,
ZHANG Xiaoli ,
YANG Zhaobiao ,
HE Jinxian ,
WU Meng ,
CAO Wenjie ,
LI Juhao

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1. Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources and Reservoir Formation Process,Ministry of Education,China University ofMining and Technology,Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116,China;
2. China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China;
3. Jiangsu Design Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources(Testing Center of China National Ad ministration of Coal Geology),Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221006,China

Received date: 2025-02-13

Revised date: 2026-01-15

Online published: 2026-07-30

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摘要

黔西地区致密砂岩气勘探仍处于探索阶段,至今未发现大规模致密气藏,针对该地区龙潭组煤系致密砂岩储层孔隙结构及成因尚不明晰的现状,运用薄片分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜观察、高压压汞及负压孔渗实验等方法,系统研究了煤系砂岩储层的孔隙结构、孔渗关系、脆性特征、成岩和构造作用对储层发育的影响。结果表明:黔西龙潭组砂岩为典型的致密砂岩,平均孔隙度为4.14%,平均渗透率为0.032 8 mD,属于超低孔隙度、超低渗透率储集层;孔隙类型主要为原生孔隙、次生孔隙、有机质孔和微裂缝,其中,次生孔隙以溶蚀粒内孔和粒间溶蚀孔为主,微裂缝占比达35%,对储层的储集和渗透能力影响较大;储层发育受成岩作用和构造作用的共同影响,压实作用强烈,胶结作用显著,而构造作用形成的微裂缝对储层性能具有决定性作用;龙潭组上段砂岩储层物性优于下段,三角洲沉积的致密砂岩物性优于潟湖—潮坪沉积的砂岩物性。该研究对黔西地区煤系致密气勘探开发有重要指导意义。

关键词： 黔西地区; 龙潭组; 煤系致密砂岩; 孔隙结构; 成因机制

本文引用格式

黄正鑫 , 张晓丽 , 杨兆彪 , 何金先 , 吴蒙 , 曹文杰 , 李聚豪 . 黔西地区龙潭组煤系致密砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征及成因[J]. 特种油气藏, 2026 , 33(2) : 44 -53 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2026.02.005

Abstract

Tight sandstone gas exploration in the Qianxi Area is still at the preliminary stage,and no large scale tight gas reservoir has been found so far.Given the insufficient understanding of the pore structure and genesis of the coal-measure tight sandstone reservoirs of Longtan Formation in this area,thin section analysis,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),high pressure mercury intrusion,and negative pressure porosity-permeability experiments were conducted to systematically investigate the pore structure,porosity-permeability relationships,brittleness characteristics,and the effects of diagenesis and tectonism on reservoir development.The results show that Longtan Formation sandstones in Qianxi Area are typical tight sandstone,with an average porosity of 4.14% and an average permeability of 0.032 8 mD,corresponding to ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoirs.Pore types are mainly primary pores,secondary pores,organic-matter pores, and microfractures.Secondary pores consist predominantly of intragranular dissolution pores and intergranular dissolution pores,and microfractures account for up to 35%,greatly influencing reservoir storage and permeability.Reservoir development is controlled by both diagenetic and tectonic processes:compaction is intense and cementation is significant,whereas microfractures formed by tectonic activity play a decisive role in reservoir performance.The upper member sandstones of Longtan Formation exhibit better reservoir properties than the lower member,and tight sandstones from deltaic deposits exhibit better reservoir properties than those from lagoon-tidal flat deposits.This study provides important guidance for the exploration and development of coal-measure tight gas in this area.

Key words： Qianxi Area; Longtan Formation; coal-measure tight sandstone; pore structure; genetic mechanism

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