黔西地区龙潭组煤系致密砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征及成因

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2026.02.005

特种油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 44-53.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2026.02.005

黔西地区龙潭组煤系致密砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征及成因

黄正鑫^1,2, 张晓丽^1,2, 杨兆彪^1,2, 何金先^1,2, 吴蒙³, 曹文杰³, 李聚豪^1,2

1.中国矿业大学煤层气资源与成藏过程教育部重点实验室,江苏徐州 221116;
2.中国矿业大学,江苏徐州 221116;
3.江苏地质矿产设计研究院(中国煤炭地质总局检测中心),江苏徐州 221006

收稿日期:2025-02-13 修回日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-07-30
通讯作者: 张晓丽(1983—),女,副教授,硕士生导师,2008年毕业于中国地质大学(北京)地质学专业,2013年毕业于中国科学院大学矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业,获博士学位,主要从事能源地质、煤与油气储层地质方面工作。
作者简介:黄正鑫(2000—),男,2018年毕业于湖南科技大学勘查技术与工程专业,现为中国矿业大学矿产普查与勘探专业在读硕士研究生,主要从事煤系气地质方面工作。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目课题“多尺度多场条件下煤系战略性金属矿产的地球物理响应与设备研发”(2021YFC2902003)

Microscopic pore structure characteristics and genesis of coal-measure tight sandstone reservoirs in Longtan Formation of Qianxi Area

HUANG Zhengxin^1,2, ZHANG Xiaoli^1,2, YANG Zhaobiao^1,2, HE Jinxian^1,2, WU Meng³, CAO Wenjie³, LI Juhao^1,2

1. Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources and Reservoir Formation Process,Ministry of Education,China University ofMining and Technology,Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116,China;
2. China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China;
3. Jiangsu Design Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources(Testing Center of China National Ad ministration of Coal Geology),Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221006,China

Received:2025-02-13 Revised:2026-01-15 Published:2026-07-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 黔西地区致密砂岩气勘探仍处于探索阶段,至今未发现大规模致密气藏,针对该地区龙潭组煤系致密砂岩储层孔隙结构及成因尚不明晰的现状,运用薄片分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜观察、高压压汞及负压孔渗实验等方法,系统研究了煤系砂岩储层的孔隙结构、孔渗关系、脆性特征、成岩和构造作用对储层发育的影响。结果表明:黔西龙潭组砂岩为典型的致密砂岩,平均孔隙度为4.14%,平均渗透率为0.032 8 mD,属于超低孔隙度、超低渗透率储集层;孔隙类型主要为原生孔隙、次生孔隙、有机质孔和微裂缝,其中,次生孔隙以溶蚀粒内孔和粒间溶蚀孔为主,微裂缝占比达35%,对储层的储集和渗透能力影响较大;储层发育受成岩作用和构造作用的共同影响,压实作用强烈,胶结作用显著,而构造作用形成的微裂缝对储层性能具有决定性作用;龙潭组上段砂岩储层物性优于下段,三角洲沉积的致密砂岩物性优于潟湖—潮坪沉积的砂岩物性。该研究对黔西地区煤系致密气勘探开发有重要指导意义。

关键词: 黔西地区, 龙潭组, 煤系致密砂岩, 孔隙结构, 成因机制

Abstract: Tight sandstone gas exploration in the Qianxi Area is still at the preliminary stage,and no large scale tight gas reservoir has been found so far.Given the insufficient understanding of the pore structure and genesis of the coal-measure tight sandstone reservoirs of Longtan Formation in this area,thin section analysis,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),high pressure mercury intrusion,and negative pressure porosity-permeability experiments were conducted to systematically investigate the pore structure,porosity-permeability relationships,brittleness characteristics,and the effects of diagenesis and tectonism on reservoir development.The results show that Longtan Formation sandstones in Qianxi Area are typical tight sandstone,with an average porosity of 4.14% and an average permeability of 0.032 8 mD,corresponding to ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoirs.Pore types are mainly primary pores,secondary pores,organic-matter pores, and microfractures.Secondary pores consist predominantly of intragranular dissolution pores and intergranular dissolution pores,and microfractures account for up to 35%,greatly influencing reservoir storage and permeability.Reservoir development is controlled by both diagenetic and tectonic processes:compaction is intense and cementation is significant,whereas microfractures formed by tectonic activity play a decisive role in reservoir performance.The upper member sandstones of Longtan Formation exhibit better reservoir properties than the lower member,and tight sandstones from deltaic deposits exhibit better reservoir properties than those from lagoon-tidal flat deposits.This study provides important guidance for the exploration and development of coal-measure tight gas in this area.

Key words: Qianxi Area, Longtan Formation, coal-measure tight sandstone, pore structure, genetic mechanism

中图分类号:

TE122.2

黄正鑫, 张晓丽, 杨兆彪, 何金先, 吴蒙, 曹文杰, 李聚豪. 黔西地区龙潭组煤系致密砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征及成因[J]. 特种油气藏, 2026, 33(2): 44-53.

HUANG Zhengxin, ZHANG Xiaoli, YANG Zhaobiao, HE Jinxian, WU Meng, CAO Wenjie, LI Juhao. Microscopic pore structure characteristics and genesis of coal-measure tight sandstone reservoirs in Longtan Formation of Qianxi Area[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2026, 33(2): 44-53.

参考文献

[1] 文小龙.致密砂岩气发展现状研究[J].水电与新能源,2015,5(10):73-75.
WEN Xiaolong.Development status of the tight sandstone gas[J].Hydropower and New Energy,2015,5(10):73-75.
[2] 梁狄刚,冉隆辉,戴弹申,等.四川盆地中北部侏罗系大面积非常规石油勘探潜力的再认识[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):8-17.
LIANG Digang,RAN Longhui,DAI Danshen,et al.A re-recognition of the prospecting potential of Jurassic large-area and non-conventional oils in the central northern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(1):8-17.
[3] 贾承造,郑民,张永峰.中国非常规油气资源与勘探开发前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):129-136.
JIA Chengzao,ZHENG Min,ZHANG Yongfeng.Unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China and the prospect of exploration and development[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(2):129-136.
[4] 何周,纪雪冰,谢安,等.吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系井井子沟组二段致密砂岩储层特征及致密油富集主控因素[J].地质科学,2025,60(1):33-43.
HE Zhou,JI Xuebing,XIE An,et al.Tight sandstone reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of tight oil enrichment in the second member of Permian Jingjingzigou Formation in Jimsar Sag[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2025,60(1):33-43.
[5] 郭少斌,付娟娟,高丹,等.中国海陆交互相页岩气研究现状与展望[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(5):535-540.
GUO Shaobin,FU Juanjuan,GAO Dan,et al.Research status and prospects for marine-continental shale gases in China[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2015,37(5):535-540.
[6] 赵青,戴晓燕,刘波,等.滇东—黔西二叠系龙潭组层序格架内致密天然气储层特征[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2022,49(1):12-23.
ZHAO Qing,DAI Xiaoyan,LIU Bo,et al.Characteristics of tight gas reservoir in sequence framework of Permian Longtan Formation in eastern Yunnan-western Guizhou Area,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition),2022,49(1):12-23.
[7] 白耀文,张刚,李春生,等.基于压汞实验的致密油储层孔隙分形特征分析——以鄂尔多斯盆地定边油田延长组长7油层为例[J].桂林理工大学学报,2020,40(1):60-67.
BAI Yaowen,ZHANG Gang,LI Chunsheng,et al.Fractal analysis of pores in tight oil reservoirs based on mercury intrusion experiment:a case study of Chang 7 Reservoir in Yanchang Formation,Dingbian Oilfield,Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Guilin University of Technology,2020,40(1):60-67.
[8] 刘曾勤,郭少斌.海陆过渡相高黏土含量微孔致密岩屑砂岩储层特征[J].石油实验地质,2020,42(2):223-232.
LIU Zengqin,GUO Shaobin.Reservoir characteristics of high clay content and microporous tight litharenites in marine-continental transitional environments[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2020,42(2):223-232.
[9] 姜洪福,艾鑫,罗光东,等.松辽盆地徐家围子断陷白垩系沙河子组深层致密气成藏机理及勘探突破[J].中国石油勘探,2024,29(1):130-141.
JIANG Hongfu,AI Xin,LUO Guangdong,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism and exploration breakthrough of deep tight gas in the Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in Xujiaweizi Fault Depression,Songliao Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2024,29(1):130-141.
[10] 陈旋,刘俊田,张华,等.吐哈盆地台北凹陷深层致密砂岩气成藏特征及跃探1H 井勘探发现的意义[J].中国石油勘探,2024,29(6):1-15.
CHEN Xuan,LIU Juntian,ZHANG Hua,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of deep tight sandstone gas and significance of exploration discovery in Well Yuetan 1H in Taibei Sag,Turpan-Hami Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2024,29(6):1-15.
[11] 邵龙义,高彩霞,张超,等.西南地区晚二叠世层序——古地理及聚煤特征[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):856-866.
SHAO Longyi,GAO Caixia,ZHANG Chao,et al.Sequence-palaeogeography and coal accumulation of late Permian in southwestern China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):856-866.
[12] 于鑫,杨江海,刘建中,等.黔西南晚二叠世龙潭组物源分析及区域沉积古地理重建[J].地质学报,2017,91(6):1374-1385.
YU Xin,YANG Jianghai,LIU Jianzhong,et al.Provenance of the late Permian Longtan Formation in SW Guizhou Province and implication for reconstruction of regional sedimentation and paleogeography[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(6):1374-1385.
[13] 窦新钊.煤层气成藏的构造控制研究现状——兼论黔西煤层气藏勘探开发前景[J].科技信息,2012,8(5):124-125.
DOU Xinzhao.Current research of structural control for coalbed methane(CBM)reservoir formation and discussion on CBM reservoir exploration prospect in western Guizhou Province[J].Science & Technology Information,2012,8(5):124-125.
[14] 温兆翠.构造煤储层非均质性层次-熵权法耦合评价模型研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2022.
WEN Zhaocui.Study on AHP-EWM coupling model evaluation of heterogeneity in deformed coal reservoirs[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining Technology,2022.
[15] 魏国齐,张福东,李君,等.中国致密砂岩气成藏理论进展[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(2):199-210.
WEI Guoqi,ZHANG Fudong,LI Jun,et al.New progress of tight sand gas accumulation theory and favorable exploration zones in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(2):199-210.
[16] 李磊,鲍志东,李忠诚,等.致密砂岩气储层微观孔隙结构与分形特征——以松辽盆地长岭气田登娄库组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2023,34(6):1039-1052.
LI Lei,BAO Zhidong,LI Zhongcheng,et al.Microscopic pore structure and fractal characteristics of tight sandstone gas reservoir:a case study of Denglouku Formation in Changling Gasfield,Songliao Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2023,34(6):1039-052.
[17] LAI J,WANG G,WANG Z,et al.A review on pore structure characterization in tight sandstones[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2018,27(8):436-457.
[18] ZHANG N,WANG H,WANG S,et al.Study on the movable fluid saturation and its influencing factors in the tight sandstones of the Sangonghe Formation,Junggar Basin[J].Acta Geophysica,2024,14(9):1-15.
[19] 国家能源局.油气储层评价方法:SY/T 6285—2011[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2011:1-5.
National Energy Ad ministration.Evaluating methods of oil and gas reservoirs:SY/T 6285—2011[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011:1-5.
[20] 曾联波,巩磊,宿晓岑,等.深层-超深层致密储层天然裂缝分布特征及发育规律[J].石油与天然气地质,2024,45(1):1-14.
ZENG Lianbo,GONG Lei,SU Xiaocen,et al.Natural fractures in deep to ultra-deep tight reservoirs:distribution and development[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2024,45(1):1-14.
[21] 杨颖.黔西地区龙潭组砂岩储层评价[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京), 2018.
YANG Ying.The sand reservoir evaluation of Longtan Group in Qianxi Region[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2018.
[22] 邢慧通,张晓丽,何金先,等.滇东威信地区龙潭组致密砂岩矿物组成特征及其油气地质意义[J].煤田地质与勘探,2022,52(4):52-60.
XING Huitong,ZHANG Xiaoli,HE Jinxian,et al.Mineral composition characteristics and petroleum geological significance of tight sandstone of Longtan Formation in Weixin Area,eastern Yunnan[J].Coal Geology & Exploration,2022,50(4):52-60.
[23] 杨甜甜,张晓丽,何金先,等.滇东威信地区龙潭组煤系致密砂岩储层特征[J].断块油气田,2022,29(4):475-482.
YANG Tiantian,ZHANG Xiaoli,HE Jinxian,et al.Characteristics of coal-bearing tight sandstone reservoir in Longtan Formation of Weixin Area,eastern Yunnan[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2022,29(4):475-482
[24] 刘曾勤.黔西地区龙潭组致密砂岩储层评价[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2020.
Liu Zengqin.Reservoir characterization of the marine-continental transitional tight sandstones in Longtan Fomation,western Guizhou,China[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2020.
[25] 朱国华,章卫平.煤系地层砂岩成岩作用和孔隙演化研究——以长广地区龙潭组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,1993,21(1):39-47,118.
ZHU Guohua,ZHANG Weiping.A study of digenesis and the evolution of porosity of the sandstones in coaliferous formations:taking Longtan Group in Changguang Region as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1993,21(1):39-47,118.
[26] 陈顺勇.下扬子黄桥地区溪桥构造带二叠系龙潭组储层特征及油气成藏期研究[D].南京:南京大学,2014.
CHEN Shunyong.Reservoir characteristics and petroleum accumulation of Permian Longtan Fomation in Xiqiao Tectonic Belt of Huangqiao Region,Lower Yangtze Basin[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2014.
[27] THOMMES M,KANEKO K,NEIMARK A V,et al.Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution(IUPAC technical report)[J].Pure and Applied Chemistry,2015,87(9/10):1051-1069.
[28] GU Zongyu,GOULET R,LEVITZ P,et al.Mercury cyclic porosimetry:measuring pore-size distributions corrected for both pore-space accessivity and contact-angle hysteresis[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2021,12(6):255-261.
[29] 邓恩德,姜秉仁,高为,等.黔西地区龙潭组煤系泥页岩孔隙结构及分形特征研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2020,48(8):184-190.
DENG Ende,JIANG Bingren,GAO Wei,et al.Study on pore structure and fractal characteristics of shale from coal measures of Longtan Formation in western Guizhou[J].Coal Science and Technology,2020,48(8):184-190.
[30] 杨世豪,高吉宏,吴海红,等.酒泉盆地营尔凹陷下沟组一段致密砂岩储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2024,43(2):10-19.
YANG Shihao,GAO Jihong,WU Haihong,et al.Diagenesis and porosity evolution of tight sandstone reservoirs in the first member of Xiagou Formation in Ying′er Sag of Jiuquan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology ＆ Oilfield Development in Daqing,2024,43(2):10-19.
[31] 何燚,唐玄,单衍胜,等.四川盆地及其周缘典型地区龙潭组页岩岩相划分对比及特征[J].天然气地球科学,2021,32(2):174-190.
HE Yi,TANG Xuan,SHAN Yansheng,et al.Lithofacies division and comparison and characteristics of Longtan Formation shale in typical areas of Sichuan Basin and its surrounding[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2021,32(2):174-190.
[32] 曹涛涛,曹清古,刘虎,等.川东地区海陆过渡相泥页岩地球化学特征及吸附性能[J].煤炭学报,2020,45(4):1445-1456.
CAO Taotao,CAO Qinggu,LIU Hu,et al.Geochemical characteristics and adsorption capacity of marine-continental transitional mudrock in eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2020,45(4):1445-1456.
[33] 赵明,季峻峰,陈振岩,等.大民屯凹陷古近系高岭石亚族和伊/蒙混层矿物特征与盆地古温度[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(2):169-180.
ZHAO Ming,JI Junfeng,CHEN Zhenyan,et al.Evolution of kaolinite subgroup minerals and mixed-layer illite/smectite in the Paleogene Da mintun Depression in Liaohe Basin of China and its implication for paleotemperature[J].Scientia Sinica(Terrae),2011,41(2):169-180.
[34] 汪新光,郇金来,彭小东,等.基于数字岩心的致密砂岩储层孔隙结构与渗流机理[J].油气地质与采收率,2022,29(6):22-30.
WANG Xinguang,HUAN Jinlai,PENG Xiaodong,et al.Flow mechanism and pore structures of tight sandstone based on digital core analysis[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2022,29(6):22-30.
[35] 潘辉,蒋裕强,朱讯,等.河流相致密砂岩气地质甜点评价——以四川盆地川中地区侏罗系沙溪庙组二段1亚段为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2024,45(2):471-485.
PAN Hui,JIANG Yuqiang,ZHU Xun,et al.Evaluation of geological sweet spots in fluvial tight sandstone gas:a case study of the first submember of the second member of the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation,central Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2024,45(2):471-485.
[36] 王力,刘岩,曹茜,等.四川盆地中部须家河组致密砂岩储层孔喉结构分类评价[J].东北石油大学学报,2024,48(4):41-53.
WANG Li,LIU Yan,CAO Qian,et al.Classification and evaluation of pore throat structure in tight sandstone reservoirs of the Xujiahe Formation in the Central Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2024,48(4):41-53.

黔西地区龙潭组煤系致密砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征及成因

Microscopic pore structure characteristics and genesis of coal-measure tight sandstone reservoirs in Longtan Formation of Qianxi Area

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	张懿, 郑祺方, 孔令武. 多瑟欧盆地三元结构型反转构造形态及其指示意义[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025, 32(6): 50-57.
[2]	史亚红, 陈文安, 郭正权, 刘彦鑫, 王青川, 李庆波, 夏翰林, 张慧瑜. 柴达木盆地风西地区混积碳酸盐岩有效储层测井识别方法[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025, 32(5): 49-57.
[3]	于忠良, 刘薇薇, 陈少勇, 高贺存. 基于数字岩心的水驱-聚合物表面活性剂二元复合驱剩余油分布规律[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025, 32(5): 102-110.
[4]	肖大坤, 范廷恩, 杨二龙, 范洪军, 张景军, 张利军. 渤中油田沙河街组低渗透储层微观孔隙结构特征及多维参数分类评价[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025, 32(4): 41-49.
[5]	黄诚, 林波, 张胜, 王岳丰, 于福生. 塔里木盆地顺南—古隆地区断裂发育特征及成因机制[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025, 32(3): 8-15.
[6]	陈鸿安, 付兰清. 松辽盆地青山口组页岩油储层孔隙结构对渗吸特征影响[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025, 32(3): 94-103.
[7]	李帅智, 刘成林, 刘文平, 贺昱搏, 刘佳, 徐亮. 川南龙马溪组页岩储层微观孔隙结构及其对吸附能力的影响[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025, 32(2): 22-32.
[8]	胡永忠, 徐再刚, 邓恩德. 黔西南盘江矿区中煤阶煤孔隙结构综合表征及多尺度分形特征[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025, 32(2): 33-41.
[9]	肖文华, 高吉宏, 魏浩元, 魏军, 周在华, 吴海红, 高旭嘉, 赵旭. 营尔凹陷下沟组异常高压特征及其控藏作用[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025, 32(1): 40-50.
[10]	刘客. 基于核磁共振和恒速压汞的致密砂岩孔喉结构表征新方法[J]. 特种油气藏, 2025, 32(1): 135-143.
[11]	刘林, 刘向君, 桑琴, 熊健, 李玮, 梁利喜. 川西中坝致密砂岩气储层微观孔隙结构特征及分类评价[J]. 特种油气藏, 2024, 31(5): 31-40.
[12]	杨宸, 杨二龙, 安艳明, 李忠君, 赵雪微. 致密储层孔隙结构对渗吸的影响研究进展[J]. 特种油气藏, 2024, 31(4): 10-18.
[13]	周志军, 张国青, 崔春雪, 暴赫, 任帅, 王静怡. 页岩储层孔隙结构表征及物性下限确定方法及应用[J]. 特种油气藏, 2024, 31(4): 96-102.
[14]	袁龙, 刘文强, 罗少成, 王谦, 李楠, 曹原. 基于声学参数和孔隙结构分类的深层储层饱和度计算方法[J]. 特种油气藏, 2024, 31(3): 61-69.
[15]	胡雄, 邬长武, 杨秀春, 成前辉, 朱文涛, 马良, 朱学光, 徐博瑞. 低渗透煤层微观孔隙结构与煤层气解吸规律[J]. 特种油气藏, 2024, 31(2): 129-135.