气体组分动态演变对稠油注氮热采井安全影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2026.04.008

特种油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 59-65.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2026.04.008

气体组分动态演变对稠油注氮热采井安全影响

张如韵, 张来斌, 董绍华

中国石油大学(北京),北京 102249

收稿日期:2025-04-18 修回日期:2026-06-02 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-10-15
通讯作者: 张来斌(1961—),男,中国工程院院士、教授、博士生导师,1991年毕业于石油大学(北京)机械工程专业,获博士学位,主要从事油气生产系统及装备安全科学与工程理论、方法与技术研究,在油气装备安全检测、故障诊断、风险评估与预警等方面开展了系统研究。
作者简介:张如韵(1998—),女,2020年毕业于北京邮电大学电信工程及管理专业,现为中国石油大学(北京)安全科学与工程专业在读博士研究生,主要从事油气安全大数据与人工智能方面的研究。
基金资助:
中国石油一体化创新基金项目“油气田注氮受效井氧气含量在线监测设备研发”(CNPC-20260204)

Safety impact analysis of dynamic evolution of gas compositions on heavy-oil thermal recovery wells with nitrogen injection

Zhang Ruyun, Zhang Laibin, Dong Shaohua

China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China

Received:2025-04-18 Revised:2026-06-02 Online:2026-08-25 Published:2026-10-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 稠油注氮气开发作业中,即便注入的氮气纯度满足行业标准,施工过程中仍存在井下爆炸安全隐患。以油田现场典型井下爆炸事故为研究对象,从原油物性、可燃物形成、助燃物条件及点火源4个维度系统剖析注氮热采井筒爆炸诱因的动态演变机制。研究表明:地层原油中的烃类组分在高温高压井筒环境下发生裂解与挥发反应,持续生成甲烷等可燃烃类气体;井筒内氮气溶解耗散引发气体组分失衡,体系内氧气体积分数逐步升高,混合气体参数突破甲烷爆炸极限区间,最终形成高危爆炸性混合气体;注蒸汽作业过程中,油管柱机械碰撞、管柱摩擦及流体静电积聚等工况均会产生能量点火源,满足爆炸发生的全部条件;结合现场实测数据及同层位邻井对比试验,验证了井筒内气体组分动态演化规律及爆炸性混合气体的形成机理,明确了井下爆炸事故的根本成因。基于爆炸三要素理论,构建了稠油注氮气开采风险防控体系,可为稠油注氮热采工艺的安全风险识别、隐患防控提供理论支撑。同时,针对注氮工艺优化、井筒气体实时监测、点火源源头管控等关键环节提出针对性技术建议,为现场安全作业管控提供科学参考。

关键词: 安全风险, 注氮热采, 井筒爆炸, 动态演变, 稠油

Abstract: During heavy-oil development operations with nitrogen injection,downhole explosion hazards may still exist during field operations even when the purity of injected nitrogen meets industry standards.With a typical field downhole explosion accident as the research object,this study systematically analyzed the dynamic evolution mechanism of explosion-inducing factors in nitrogen-injection thermal-recovery wellbores from four dimensions:crude-oil properties,combustible formation,oxidant conditions,and ignition sources.The results show that hydrocarbon components in formation crude oil undergo cracking and volatilization reactions in high-temperature,high-pressure wellbore environments,continuously generating combustible hydrocarbon gases such as methane.Dissolution and dissipation of nitrogen in the wellbore lead to imbalance in gas composition,causing the oxygen volume fraction in the system to gradually increase.The mixed-gas parameters enter the methane explosion-limit range,ultimately forming a highly hazardous explosive gas mixture.During steam-injection operations,mechanical collision of the tubing string,string friction,and fluid electrostatic accumulation can all generate energetic ignition sources,satisfying all conditions required for an explosion.Field measured data and comparative tests from adjacent wells in the same horizon verified the dynamic evolution pattern of gas compositions in the wellbore and the formation mechanism of explosive gas mixtures,clarifying the root cause of downhole explosion accidents.Based on the explosion-triangle theory,a risk prevention and control system for heavy-oil development with nitrogen injection was constructed,providing theoretical support for safety-risk identification and hazard prevention and control in heavy-oil nitrogen-injection thermal recovery.Targeted technical recommendations were also proposed for key links,including optimization of the nitrogen-injection process,real-time monitoring of wellbore gas,and source control of ignition sources,providing a scientific reference for field safety management.

Key words: safety risk, nitrogen-injection thermal recovery, wellbore explosion, dynamic evolution, heavy oil

中图分类号:

TE357

张如韵, 张来斌, 董绍华. 气体组分动态演变对稠油注氮热采井安全影响[J]. 特种油气藏, 2026, 33(4): 59-65.

Zhang Ruyun, Zhang Laibin, Dong Shaohua. Safety impact analysis of dynamic evolution of gas compositions on heavy-oil thermal recovery wells with nitrogen injection[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2026, 33(4): 59-65.

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气体组分动态演变对稠油注氮热采井安全影响

Safety impact analysis of dynamic evolution of gas compositions on heavy-oil thermal recovery wells with nitrogen injection

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